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Histology
Urinary System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| this is the connective tissue covering the outer surface of the kidney | capsule |
| the number of lobes in the kidney equals this | the number of medullary pyramids |
| the colors of the cortex and medulla are due to this | blood supply |
| the cortex of the kidney is composed of this | renal corpuscle, convoluted and straight tubules of the nephron, the collecting tubules, collecting ducts, and vascular supply |
| medulla of the kidney is characterized by this | straight tubules, collecting ducts, and a special capillary network called the vasa recta. |
| the medullary rays contain this | straight tubules and collecting ducts |
| this structure filters the blood to get waste products out and keeps large molecules in | renal corpuscle |
| podocytes are attached to this | the basement membrane of the endothelial cells of the glomerulus |
| these are located between the peduicles and are spaces | filtration slits that prevent large molecules in the blood from getting into the urinary space |
| describe minimal change disease | it's a nephrotic syndrome in which protein is found in the urine. This is due to the effacement of foot processes of podocytes. |
| describe good pasteures disease | it is a rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis in which antibodies are peoduced against type four collagen in the GBM |
| this structure has a simple cuboidal epithelium and a star shaped lumen and a larger cell diameter | PCT |
| this structure is one third as long as the PCT has a clean lumen and looks like a cheerio. Reabsorption of bicarb and sodium takes place here. | DCT |
| what cells are a part of the juxtaglomerular apparatus? | macula densa, juxtaglomerular cells, and extraglomerular mesagnial cells. |
| these are salt sensing cells in the juxtaglomerular apparatus | macula densa |
| what are the two distinct cell types in the collecting tubules and ducts | principal cells and intercalated cells |
| what do principal cells in the collecting ducts do? | they contain ADH regulated water channels, AQP-2 channels, responsible for water permeability |
| what do intercalated cells do? | secrete hydrogen ions, or bicarbonate. they have dark cytoplasm |
| describe the flow of urine through the area cribrosa | minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis, ureter, renal bladder, voided through the urethra |
| what type of epithelium lines the excretory passages from the kidney? | transitional epithelium |
| describe the thickness of the epithelium in the urethra compared to the bladder | it goes from about two cell layer thickness in the minor calyx to about five cell layer thickness in the ureter and about 6+ cell layer thickness in the bladder (a distended bladder has three true layers). |
| describe the microanatomical structure of the ureter | transitional epithelium with a star shaped lumen. |
| the trigone of the bladder develops from this embryological structure | mesonephric duct |
| this urethra extends from the neck of the bladder through the prostate | prostatic urethra |
Created by:
aferdo01
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