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Histology
GI System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Name two contradictory functions of the GI system. | protect the body from pathogens, extract nutrients from food. |
| Name the components of the digestive tract from top to bottom | Oral Cavity, Esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus |
| Name the three specialized mineralized tissues that contribute to teeth | enamel, cementum, dentin |
| Name the first deciduous set of teeth which forms in children | 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 molars |
| Name the set of teeth which form in adults | 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, 3 molars (third is the wisdom tooth) |
| describe the formation of teeth | the pithelial lining of the oral cavity involutes into the undifferentiated tissues around the mouth to form a "bell" that surrounds some mesenchyme. The bell eventually detaches from the surface epithelium. |
| these cells produce enamel | ameloblasts |
| these cells produce dentin | odontoblasts |
| this portion of the gut tube is in direct contact with the external environment. It extracts nutrients from food and protects the body against pathogens | mucosa |
| describe the change in epithelium that occurs at the gastroesophageal junction | it changes from stratified squamous epithelium to simple columnar |
| name the different parts of the stomach | cardiac, fundus, pyloris, body |
| these cells release intrinsic factor and HCL | parietal cells |
| these cells release precursors of the digestive enzyme pepsin, rennin, and lipase | chief cells |
| these are hormone releasing cells that line the digestive tract. each cell only releases one type of hormone | enteroendocrine cells |
| describe some of the main functions of the small intestine | raises the pH of fod bolus as it exits the pyloric sphincter, adds bile from the liver, digestive enzymes from pancreas, and absorbs nutrients as they are broken down. |
| this condition results when the body mounts an immune response to the protein found in gluten. the inflammatory reaction occurs within the mucosa and damages the villi | ciliac disease |
| these cells are generally found at the base of the intestinal glands. Acidophilic granules near the apex of each cell contain lysozyme and other anti-microbial enzymes. | Paneth cells |
| these structures are only found in the ileum and they are large lymph nodules in the lamina propria | peyers patches |
| this condition results from removal of significant portions of the stomach or ileum. One cause of this disease is low blood cell count caused by vitamin B12 deficiency | pernicious anemia |
| this structure of the digestive tract receives the bolus from the ileum and recovers water and electrolytes from it. | the large intestine |
| Describe the epithelium of the lip | keratinized stratified squamous epithelium with hair follicles embedded within it. It has bundles of skeletal muscle and substantial blood supply. |
| as it crosses the "vermillion border" the epithelium of the lip changes to this type | parakeratinized stratified squamous |
| what is the main type of muscle found in the tongue | skeletal muscle |
| what type of epithelium is found in the tongue | keratinized stratified squamous epithelium to resist mechanical abrasion during chewing. |
| this mucosal structure on the surface of the tongue is a sharp extension and is not associated with taste buds | filiform |
| these are little pale dots on the surface of the tongue that are associated with taste buds | fungiform |
| these are large circular papillae near the poster third of the tongue containing taste buds and | Circumvalate |
| longitudonal folds on the lateral aspect of the tongue that have taste buds and secretory glands | foliate |
| these are lingual salivary glands of the tongue that flush food matter from the moats and allow tastants to reach the taste buds | glands of von ebner |
| this is the outer layer of the gut tube composed of loose connective tissue that anchors the gut tube to nearby structures in confined areas. | Adventitia |
| this is a very thin layer of connective tissue in the gut that is covered by a simple squamous epithelium. it secretes a serous fluid that lubricates the gut tube and associated structures inside the abdominal or pelvic cavity. | serosa |
| this condition results from dysfunction of the esophageal sphincter, which keeps acidic gastric contents out of the esophagus. | GERD |
| these are longitudonal folds in the stomach wall which facilitate the stomach's expansoin | rugae |
| gastrin and somatostatin cells are located in the stomach. which one increases HCL secretion and which one decreases it? | gastrin increases HCl secretion and somatostatin decreases HCL secretion. |
| this part of the stomach produces a large amount of mucous and contains gastrin and somatostatin | pyloric region of stomach |
| this condition results form excess HCL resulting from an overproduction of gastrin, long term NSAID drug use, and infection with h.pylorii | peptic ulcers |
| peyers patches are located exclusively on what portion of the small intestine? | ileum |
Created by:
aferdo01
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