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THE MCAT-PHYSICS 1
KINEMATICS
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| GIGA | 10^9 |
| MEGA | 10^6 |
| KILO | 10^3 |
| CENTI | 10^-2 |
| MILLI | 10^-3 |
| MICRO | 10^-6 |
| NANO | 10^-9 |
| PICO | 10^-12 |
| What should the resultant vector always be? | head-to-head / tail-to-tail |
| vector times vector = vector | V=V1V2sintheta |
| vector times vector = scalar | V=V1V2costheta |
| Does instantaneous velocity = instantaneous speed? | YES |
| Does average velocity = average speed? | NO (avg. velocity must be less) |
| What creates acceleration? | any change in velocity or direction |
| When there is constant "a", what else is there? | Constant force |
| When there is no air resistance, what is the only force acting? | gravitational |
| What is the ONLY force acting in projectile motion? | gravity (only vertical motion changes) |
| Projectile: forces acting in horizontal/vertical | no / yes |
| Projectile: "a" in horizontal/ vertical motion? | no / yes (a = 9.8 m/s^2) |
| Projectile: velocity component in horizontal / vertical motion? | constant / changing (by 9.8 m/s every second) |
| Why does horizontal velocity stay constant? | force not required to keep object in motion (an object in motion stays in motion) force only required to maintain "a" |
| What does "a" mean for a projectile? | vertical velocity changes 9.8 m/s every second |
| WHy does projectile continue to fall? | inertia |
| Drop or throw horizontally, which lands first? | Same time |
| What dictates flight time for projectile? | vertical velocity |
| Path of projectile NOT experiencing air resistance is independent of what? | mass of projectile |
| In Vacuum, do bowling ball and ping pong ball have same path if initial velocities are the same? Do they fall at same rate? | both: yes! |
| Why is "a" constant | no air resistance so force (weight) and mass are constant |
| What happens with "a" with air resistance? | "a" decreases until it reaches 0 at terminal velocity --> at terminal velocity, weight = friction, so net force = 0, a = 0 note how this differs from constant "a" with no air resistance |
| Drop time trick | drop time doubles, drop distance quadruples 1-5 2-20 4-80 |
| Ratio of range: height for 30 degrees | 6.7 |
| Ratio of range: height for 45 degrees | 4.0 |
| Ratio of range: height for 60 degrees | 2.4 |
| Shortcut time to the top equation | Voy/g (general) |
| Shortcut height at the top equation | Voy^2/2g (general) |
| Shortcut range equation | r=Vo^2sin2theta / g (initial and final heights must be the same) |
| Max height | 90 degrees (h) |
| Maximum range (height too) | 45 degrees (2h) / h/2 |
| square root (3) / 2 | 0.86 |
| square root (2) / 2 | 0.71 |
| 1/2 // square root (3) / 2 | 0.58 |
| square root (3) / 2 // 0.50 | 1.73 |
| When is object decelerating? | velocity is opposite to acceleration |
| What does terminal velocity mean? | Velocity is at its final value and won't change for the rest of the time |
| What is "a" for an object at terminal velocity? | 0 (air resistance = weight) |
| For an object experiencing air resistance in free fall, does acceleration or velocity decrease? | acceleration! |
| What effect does air resistance have on flight of ball launched horizontally? | ball travels less distance / in flight for longer / experiences downward "a" that is less than "g" |
| What effect does air resistance have on flight of kicked football? | range decreases / flight stays the same (ball reaches peak in shorter time but takes longer to come down than to go up --> cancels out) |
| How are force and "a" vectors related? | "a" is always in direction of resultant force |
| What two degrees create the same range? | 30 and 60 |
| Ball shot at 30, 45, 60 degrees, which lands first? | 30 degrees |
| Falling time is identical when _____ and ____ are the same. | starting height and vertical speed |
| Speed is magnitude of total velocity and includes both ____. | horizontal and velocity components |
| T / F: 2 spheres dropped from same height will have same final velocity no matter what. | TRUE |
| T / F: 2 spheres dropped from same height will have same time no matter what | FALSE --> depends on whether inclined plane or not |
| Terminal velocity is also? | constant velocity |
| Formula for terminal velocity? | v = sqrt(2gh) |
| Find average velocity? | vavg = Vf + Vo / 2 |
| 3 major kinematic equations? | Vf = Vo + at Vf^2 = Vo^2 + 2ax y = Vot +1/2at^2 |
| How to find the range? | d = horizontal velocity * time for entire flight |
| larger range = _____ height | shorter |
| shorter range = ______ height | higher |
| At the apex, is the speed or velocity = 0? | NEITHER --> only y component of velocity = 0 |
| Why do objects that fall from the same height have the same final velocity even with different launch angles? | same potential energy --> KE transformation |
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