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Diagnostic Imaging
Trauma
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| fracture that does not defect the skin | Closed |
| fracture defect the skin | Open |
| Fracture that involves the whole cortex | Complete |
| Fracture that involves onyl parts of the fracture | Incomplete |
| Fracture consist of one fragment | Non-comminuted |
| Fracture that consist of two or more fragments | Comminuted |
| Fracture that due to repetitive stress building up of microfractures | Stress |
| What are the radiographic findings found in a stress fracture? | 1. lucent and sclerotic regions 2. solid periosteal reaction when healing |
| A complete fracture through pathologic bone ,usually transverse in orientation. | Pathological |
| Fracture due to compressive forces | Impaction |
| Tearing of the bone by a tendinous or ligamentous pull | Avulsion |
| Hemorrhage and edema associated with microfracutres | Bone bruise |
| what is the most common bone to have a occult fracture? | Scaphoid |
| List and describe the Salter harris physeal fracture classification. | 1. physis only 2.physis with metaphysis fragment 3. physis with metaphysis and epiphyseal fragments 4. physis with epiphysis 5. impaction of the physis |
| what are the three phases of fracture healing | 1. inflammatory 2. reparative 3. remodelling |
| what are the three stages of the inflammatory stage? | 1.cellular- hematoma and clot formation.also inflammatory response and granulation tissue 2. vascular formation of the vascular spindles,leads to hyperemia which increases osteoclast activity. 3. 1 callus- callus formation. fracture line hazy and widens |
| what type of stage of the inflammatory phase is this; hematoma and clot formation,inflammatory response and granulation tissue | Cellular stage |
| Describe the vascular stage in the inflammatory stage. | formation of the vascular spindles that lead to hyperemia which increases osteoclastic activity. |
| Name this stage of the inflammatory stage; callus formation begins,fracture becomes hazy and widens. | 1 callus |
| Describe the reparative phase of fracture healing. | last for weeks, callus formation with sealing, bridging,buttressing and uniting.osteoid are replaced with mature bone. |
| Describe the remodelling phase of fracture healing. | last for months or years, new bone is laid down along the line of stress,unnecessary bone is removed, marrow cavity is restored |
| What factors that may modify healing? | 1. underlying conditions 2. location 3. patient age 4. type of injury |
| What are the immediate complications of trauma? | 1. vascular injury 2.fat embolism/thromboembolism 3. compartment syndrome 4.neurologic damage |
| what are the intermediate complications of trauma? | osteomyelitis,gangrene joint mice osteonecrosis disuse osteoporosis myositis ossificans |
| what are the delayed complications of trauma? | DJD non-union growth disturbance pseudoarticulation mal-union |
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