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Embryo
Female Reproductive Cyle-Test #1
| Front | Back |
|---|---|
| What are the 3 stages of the Ovarian Cycle? | Follicular Phase; Ovulatory Phase; Luteal Phase |
| FOLLICULAR Phase | 1. Day 1-12; 5-15 follicles begin but only 1 matures into oocyte (Graafian follicle); 2. Follicular cells produce estrogen & surround oocyte; 3. Zona pellucida surrounds plasma membrane of ooctye; 4. Stromal develop. of theca folliculi |
| Follicular (Granulosa) Cells | A single layer of flattened cells that surround the oocyte & produce estrogen; Later advance to form a multilayer structure called the cumulus oophorus |
| Zona Pellucida | A glycoprotein covering that surronds the plasma membrane of the oocyte; Stucture binds spermatozoa and is req'd for acromsomal rxn; 5 days after fertilization Z.P degenerates & is replaced by unederlying layer of trophoblastic cells |
| Primordial Follicle | All follicle until puberty; 1° oocyte in prophase I of meiosis; single layer of flattened follicular cells |
| Graafian (Mature) Follicle | Follicle prior to ovulation; Oocyte completes meiosis I; 1st polar body formed; haploid; Oocyte surrounded by cumulous oophorus and corona radiata; Oocyte & cumulus oophorus detaches from follicle |
| Corona radiata | Innermost layer of the cumulus oophorus that transfers add'l cytoplasmic nutrients to oocyte |
| OVULATORY Phase | Days 12-14; Ovarian surface bulges; Stigma (avascular spot); surface degenerates from lack of blood supply; Follicle ruptures; Oocyte & follicular fluid extruded into peritoneum; 2° oocyte begins Meiosis II; Oocyte transport to fallopian tubes by fimbria |
| LUTEAL Phase | Days 15-28; Follicle & Theca foliiculi form corpus luteum w/in 24 hrs; |
| Corpus Luteum | A temporary endocrine gland that produces PROGESTERONE; if Pregnant lasts 20 wks; Nonpregnant lasts 10-12 days |
| What are the 3 hormones that control the OVARIAN cycle? | GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone) FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone), LH (luteinizing hormone) |
| GnRH | Produced in Hypothalamus; Acts on cells of ant. pituitary gland; causes secretion of FSH & LH |
| FSH | Produced by ant. pituitary; Promotes early develop. of ovarian follicles |
| LH | Produced by ant. pituitary; Triggers ovulation; Promotes develop. of corpus luteum; released in final stages of follicle maturation |
| What 3 phases make up the UTERINE (menstrual) Cycle? | Menstrual Phase; Proliferative Phase; Secretory Phase |
| What 3 structures (layers) makeup the menstrual cycle? | Perimetrium-Outer Covering; Myometrium-Inner layer made of smooth muscle; Endometrium-Functional & Basal Layer involved w/ implantation |
| How long does the menstrual cycle last? | 28 days |
| MENSTRUAL Phase | Day 1-4; Sloughing off (bleeding) of functional layer (endometrium); pregnancy did not occur |
| PROLIFERATIVE Phase | Days 5-15; Cells in basal layer regrow-functional & basal layer is regenerated |
| SECRETORY Phase | Days 15-28; Glands secrete glycogen (form of energy); If Fertilization takes place embryo implants on day 6 of SECRETORY phase (day 20 of uterine cyle); If NO Fertilization, ischmia (inadq. blood supply) in endometrium leads to sloughing off |
| What are the 2 hormones that control the MENSTRUAL cycle? | Estrogen & Progesterone |
| Estrogen | Produced by follicular cells in ovary; Promotes proliferation of endometrium during 1st half of menst. cycle |
| Progesterone | Produced by Corpus Luteum of the ovary; Stimulates endometrial glands to secrete glycogen; Maintains blood supply; |
| Falling levels of Estrogen & Progesteron lead to what? | Ischemia and sloughing off of funct. layer of endometrium |
Created by:
terryg025
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