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Histology
Nervous system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| name the components of the central nervous system | brain, spinal cord |
| name the components of the peripheral nervous system | cranial, spinal, peripheral nerves |
| which part of the PNS is responsible for voluntary control | somatic |
| name the components of a neuron | soma, axon, dendrite |
| name the supporting cells of the CNS | oligodendrocytes, astrocyte, ependymal, microglial |
| name the supporting cells of the PNS | schwann, satellite |
| this is a support cell in the PNS that surrounds neuron cell bodies in glanglia nad regulate oxygen, carbon dioxide content, and neurotransmitter levels around the neurons in the ganglia | satellite cells |
| this support cell makes myelin in the PNS | schwann cells |
| this support cell makes myelin in the CNS | oligodendrocytes |
| this support cell in the CNS maintains the blood brain barrier, provides structural support, regulates ion-nutrien content..etc | Astrocytes |
| this support cell in the CNS removes cell debris, wastes, and pathogens by phagocytosis | microglia |
| this support cell in the CNS lines the ventricles and central canal and make CSF | ependymal cells |
| this type of neuron is considered the "classical" neuron and has multiple dendrites and one axon | multipolar neuron |
| this type of neuron has one dendrite and one axon, and is quite rare | bipolar neuron |
| this type of neuron has one axon that divides into two axons as it exits the cell body. | pseudounipolar neuron |
| this is the junction between the end of one axon and either another axon, dendrite, or its target cell/organ | synapse |
| these are the two types of basic synapses | electrical, chemical |
| this type of synapse is primarily found in invertebrates | electrical |
| in this type of synapse, conduction is achieved via neurotransmitters | chemical |
| these are excitatory neurotransmitters | Acetylcholine, glutamine, seratonin |
| these are inhibitory neurotransmitters | GABA, glycine |
| paralytic drugs block this neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction | Acetylcholine |
| in this type of axonal transport, proteins carry molecules from the cell body to the axon/dendrites (periphery) | Anterograde |
| anterograde transport uses this protein | kinesin |
| in this type of axonal transport, proteins carry molecules from the periphery back to the cell body | retrograde |
| retrograde transport uses this protein | Dyenin |
| true/False, recovery from nerve damage is very slow | true |
| HSV takes control over this type of transport system | retrograde transport |
| this term describes the action potential juping form one node of ranvier to another | saltatory conduction |
| these are found in the PNS and are similar to schwann cell sbut are found specifically around the cell body | satellite cells |
| myelin producing cells of the CNS, and they myelinate multiple axons | oligodendrocytes |
| this is an autoimmune disease that targets myelin and oligodendrocytes. changes occur in the lipid and protein components of myelin resulting in multiple "plaques" found throughout the CNS. | multiple sclerosis |
| these provide physical/metabolic support for CNS neurons. the processes of these cells form tight junctions on nearby capillaries to form the blood brain barrier. | astrocytes |
| this is an advanced astrocytoma and is the most common and aggressive brain tumor in adults. patients present with headache, nausea, vomitting, seizurs | glioblastoma multiforme |
| this glian cell of the CNS has phagocytotic properties and is the only neorological cell that is NOT formed from the neural tube. | Microglial cells |
| these glial cells of the CNS form the epithelium-like lining of fluid filled cavities of the brain and spinal cord. they are cuboidal/columnar cells which along with adjacent capillaries form CSF | Ependymal cells |
| this CT surrounds and individual nerve fiber | ENDOneurium |
| this CT surrounds nerve fasicle (multiple nerve fibers) | PERIneurium |
| this CT surrounds the entire peripheral nerve | EPIneurium |
| this part of the ANS controles motility, secretions, and blood flow and can function independently of the CNS | Enteric NS |
| This disease is the most common cause of intestinal obstruction in neonates. it is a congenital disease in which there is a lack of enteric nerves in a segment of the colon. | Hirschsprungs |
| this is a response to neuronal injury. the nucleus moves to the periphery, the axon swells and begins disintegrating distal to the site of injury and macrophages clean myelin debris | wallerian degeneration |
| This happens during neuronal regeneration in the PNS | Schwann cells line themselves together forming a hollow tube simultaneously releasing growth factors to "attract" growing axon. as it grows, the axon will ultimately penetrate the hollow tube. |
| True/False: injured nerves in the CNS are unlikely to regenerate | True |
| this is a process occuring in the CNS during neuronal regeneration when astrocytes respond to injury by forming a scar | reactive gliosis |
Created by:
aferdo01
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