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Progressive Reform
late 1800
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| states rights | choosing to be free or slave state |
| reconstruction era | states rights, post civil war, attempt to solve slave problems Lincoln, Johnson, Radical republicans |
| freedmen's bureau | emergency relief after war, created to help ex-slaves with basic needs, set up schools, helped freedmen find jobs, settled disputes between blacks and whites |
| 13 Amendment | 1865 - neither slavery or involuntary servitude except as a punishment...shall exist in US |
| Ku Klux Klan | 1866 KKK - terrorize blacks carpetbagger, scalawags - anyone that represented change KKK acts outlawed violence against voters |
| 14 Amendment | All born or naturalized in the US ...no state can make any law which deprived any person of life, liberty or property without due process of law or deny equal protection of law |
| 15th Amendment | The right of citizen of the US to vote shall not be denied or abriged by the US or by any state on account of race, color or previous condition of servitude. |
| Hiram Revels | 1870 he was the 1st black elected to the senate - 16 other blacks served in the House of Representatives between 1872-1901 |
| Black Codes / Jim Crow | Limited rights of Black / limited ability to vote - examples: Poll Tax / Literacy test / Grandfather clause (if grandfather voted before 1-1-1867 - ok) |
| discrimination | denial of equal rights or equal treatment to certain groups of people |
| Jim Crow laws | starting in 1890's states throughout the south passed laws designed to prevent Black citizens from improving their status or achieving equality. they were in place and enforced until 50's and 60's. |
| Booker T Washington | He founded the Tuskegee Institute in 1881. He had training in Industrial and Agricultural skills, focused on economic power - slow steady rise |
| Plessy v. Ferguson | 1896 - one eighth black was arrested and lost a supreme court decision - separate but equal (ruled against him riding on the white train car in Louisiana) |
| W.E.B. Dubois | rather than patiently accepting discrimination - urged African Am to fight it actively - in 1909 helped start the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) - worked to end segregation |
| Harlem Renaissance | Renaissance means: rebirth One cause of it is mass movement north - Great Migration. Factors brought blacks north: higher wages, better education, escape racism and jobs themes: hope pride disappointment Art forms: poems music - ragtime,jazz |
| Segregation | enforced separation of races |
| desegregate | to remove the ban against separating the races |
| poll tax | a personal tax to be paid before voting |
| literacy test | a test to see if a person can read or write |
| grandfather clause | a provision that allowed a voter to avoid a literacy test if his father or grandfather had been eligible to vote on January 1, 1897. Because no african am in the south could vote bfore 1898, nearly all were denied the right to vote. |
| integrate | an end to segregation - promoting the mixing of different racial groups |
| racism | the belief that one race is superior or inferior to another |
| civil rights | rights guaranteed in the constitution, especially voting and equal treatment under the law |
| boycott | an organized campaign to refuse to buy or use certain goods or services. |
| Rodney King | victim of police brutality in 1991 - beaten heavily and officers tried were acquitted. this verdict sparked the 1992 LA riots. |
| Ross Barnett | Governor of Mississippi in early 1960's. was a staunch segregationist |
| Emmett Till | A 14 yr old African American boy who was visiting Mississippi in 1955 and talked to a white woman - was murdered (shot, gouged out one eye and sunk in Tallahatchie river) for flirting with her |
| Malcolm X | Was a militant black leader -early years he called on Afr Am to separate completely from white society. in later years spoke of a white-black brotherhood |
| Orval Faubus | Mayor of Little Rock, Arkansas. He was a segregationist and closed schools instead of desegragating them. |
| Black Codes | were laws in the United States after the Civil War with the effect of limiting the basic human rights and civil liberties of blacks |
| Melba Patillo Beals | One of the little Rock Nine - wrote Warriors don't cry about her |
| Rosa Parks | woman who wouldnt give up her seat on the bus - in 1955 in Montgomery AL - was called the first lady of civil rights |
| James Meridith | In 1962, he was the first African American student admitted to the segregated University of Mississippi |
| little rock nine | nine black high school students chosen to attend an all white school - caused all kinds of problems in Little Rock Arkansas |
| Red Wings - Tuskegee Airmen | The Tuskegee Airmen were the first African-American military aviators in the United States armed forces. |
| Sit-ins | a form of protest in which people sit and refuse to leave, often protesting segregation |
| Brown vs Board of Education | was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students unconstitutional. |
| I have a dream | Martin Luther Kings speech - Aug 1963 - was a defining moment of the American Civil Rights Movement. |
| Alliance | An agreement between nations or groups to aid and support one another. |
| nationalism | pride in one's nation or ethnic group |
| militarism | glorification of the military - rose by way of Imperialism |
| imperialism | expanding your borders and taking in more territories under your control |
| Archduke Ferdinand | guy who is Austrian who went into Serbia - they murdered him and it started WWI |
| Czar Nicholas | Russian leader during WWI |
| Baron Von Richthofen | Red Baron - German fighter pilot who believed in having civilized fights |
| Gavrilo Princip | the man who assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife |
| Woodrow Wilson | President of US during WWI - A leader of the Progressive Movement |
| Arthur Zimmerman | one who wrote telegram to Mexico telling them to attack America - Brought America into the war - posted it in NY times |
| Kaiser Wilhelm | German leader during WWI |
| Sgt Alvin York | was one of the most decorated American soldiers in World War I.[1] He received the Medal of Honor for leading an attack on a German machine gun nest, taking 32 machine guns, killing 28 German soldiers and capturing 132 others |
| Fascism | a political system based on militarism, extreme nationalism, and blind loyalty to the state and its leader |
| Expansionism | expanding its territorial base or economic influence usually by means of military aggression. |
| dictator | is a ruler who assumes sole and absolute power |
| propaganda | false or misleading information that is spread to further a cause; information used to sway public opinion. |
| Adolf Hitler | extreme nationalist leader of Germany during WWII started the Nazi party - extreme racist - thought Germans were the "master race" |
| Franklin Delano Roosevelt | President during the beginning of WWII - sympathised with the Allies and tried to support them even though the US wasn't supposed to violate the Neutrality Acts |
| Josef Stalin | sole dictator of the Soviet Union during WWII - turned the soviet union into a totalitarian state. |
| Benito Mussolini | prime minister of Italy - overthrew Italy's elected government and turned Italy into the world's first Fascist state. |
| Emperor Hirohito | leader of Japan during WWII. He told citizens to commit suicide rather than be taken prisoner by troops - over 10,000 civilians committed suicide during WWII |
| Winston Churchill | British prime minister during WWII - gave speech "we shall defend our island whatever the cost mey be, we shall fight on the beaches..." |
| Irena Sendler | was a Polish Catholic social worker who served in the Polish Underground /Żegota resistance organization - helped smuggled 2,500 Jewish children out of the Warsaw Ghetto, thereby saving those children from being killed in the Holocaust. |
| General Patton | During WWII Patton assumed command of the U.S. Third Army, which under his leadership advanced farther, captured more enemy prisoners, and liberated more territory in less time than any other army in history |
| Pearl Harbor | Japanese bombing of Hawaii Dec 7th 1941 - 1st attack on American soil |
| holocaust | mass slaughter of over 6 million Jews by Germans during WWII |
| Atomic bombing of Hiroshima/Nagasaki | In August 1945 US dropped two atomic bombs on Japan- forced the surrender of Japan and the end of WWII |
| Iwo Jima flag raising | historic photograph taken on February 23, 1945, by Joe Rosenthal. Of five US Marines and a U.S. Navy corpsman raising the flag of the United States atop Mount Suribachi during the Battle of Iwo Jima in World War II. |
| socialism | economic system characterised by social ownership and/or control of the means of production and cooperative management of the economy |
| capitalism | an economic system in which people put money or capital into a business or project in order to make a profit; in which privately owned businesses compete in a free market |
| Cold War | when Stalin threatened to expand communism, Pres. Truman initiated policies to protect non-Communist nations |
| John F Kennedy | President that in 1961 tried to counter the appeal of the Soviet Union with other nations created the Peace Corps that sought to build friendships between US and people of other nations. cuban missile crisis |
| Ronald Reagan | President of US during cold war - great communicator - "Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!" |
| Fidel Castro | communist dictator of Cuba - led a revolution and forced thousands of Cubans into exile many came to US |
| Mikhail Gorbachev | leader of soviet union in 1985 reformed the old system and improved relations with the West. |
| Berlin Airlift | The US responded to the soviet blockade of Berlin by airlifting supplies to the city |
| Vietnam War | In 1964 The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution approved by Congress made the president able to use military force without actually declaring war - trying to stop North Korea from invading communism into South Korea |
| Korean War | US and United nations forces defended South Korea after it was invaded by communist North Korea |
| Sputnik | Soviet Union launched the first human made satelite US responded by trying to race them to outer space |
| Domino Theory | the belief that if one country fell to the communists, then the neighboring countries would follow |
| U2 Spy Plane | An American U-2 spy plane is shot down while conducting espionage over the Soviet Union. U.S. government said it was a weather plane. Khrushchev showed the plan and captured pilot to embarrass Eisenhower. |
| Cuban Missile Crisis | brought the US and the Soviet Union to the brink of war when Kennedy told Gorbachev to stop putting missiles on Cuba |
| Russian-Afghanistan War | In 1979 a nine-year war (Cold war) The Soviet Union,supporting the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan against the Afghan Mujahideen guerrilla movement. Due to the long nature of the war, it was referred to as the "Soviet Union's Vietnam War" |
| 1980 Olympic Boycott | The 1979 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan spurred Jimmy Carter to issue an ultimatum on January 20, 1980 that the United States would boycott the Moscow Olympics if Soviet troops did not withdraw from Afghanistan The US did not compete that year |
| Berlin Wall comes down | constructed by the GDR, E. Germany started Aug 13 1961, that cut off West Berlin from East Germany and East Berlin. On November 9, 1989 started the fall of the Wall. it was the first step toward German reunification, which ended concluded Oct 3,1990 |
| SALT Agreement | Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) refers to two rounds of talks and corresponding international treaties involving the United States and the Soviet Union—the Cold War superpowers—on the issue of armament control |
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1673151995
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