Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Exam Review Vocab.
Second Semester Final Exam Vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| It helped set up a court system, giving the Supreme Court six members (a chief justice/judge and five associate justices). | Federal Judiciary Act |
| A group of department heads who assist the president with issues and problems he faces. | Cabinet |
| A tax on imported goods, serving to raise money for the government and encourage the growth of the country's industry. | Tariff |
| Relations with the governments of other countries. | Foreign policy |
| A group of people that tries to promote its ideas and influence government. | Political party |
| First president of the U.S. | George Washington |
| Secretary of the Treasury during Washington's presidency, he favored the national bank and helped found the Federalist Party. | Alexander Hamilton |
| Served as secretary of state and helped found the Democratic-Republican Party. | Thomas Jefferson |
| John Adams | |
| An 1803 case in which the Supreme Court ruled that it had the power to abolish unconstitutional laws. (Judicial review established) | Marbury v. Madison |
| Something that contradicts the law of the Constitution. | Unconstitutional |
| Washington lawyer who wrote the Star-Spangled Banner to express his pride after witnessing a British assault on Fort McHenry. | Francis Scott Key |
| Fourth president of the U.S. and secretary of state during Jefferson's term. | James Madison |
| A principle that states that the Supreme Court has the final say in interpreting the Constitution. | Judicial review |
| The April 30, 1803 purchase of Louisiana Territory from France for $15 million. | Louisiana Purchase |
| Kidnapping; the act of seizing by force. | Impressment |
| A law that increased the number of federal judges, allowing John Adams to appoint many Federalists to those posts between the election of 1800 and Jefferson's inauguration in 1801. | Judiciary Act of 1801 |
| A young officer selected by Thomas Jefferson to lead the Lewis and Clark expedition. | Meriwether Lewis |
| A lieutenant chosen by Lewis to select and oversee a volunteer force for the expedition (called the Corps of Discovery). | William Clark |
| A Shosone woman who accompanied Lewis and Clark during their expedition in 1805 and whose language skills and knowledge of geography proved very helpful. | Sacagawea |
| In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, factory machines began replacing hand tools and manufacturing replaced farming as the main form of work. | Industrial Revolution |
| A method of production that brought many workers and machines together into one building. | Factory system |
| Parts that are exactly alike. | Interchangeable parts |
| A strong nationalist from Kentucky, he promoted the American System and proposed the Missouri Compromise. | Henry Clay |
| A machine invented in 1793 by Eli Whitney that cleaned cotton far more efficiently than a human. | Cotton gin |
| Loyalty to the interests of one's own region or section of the country, rather than to the nation as a whole. | Sectionalism |
| A feeling of pride, loyalty, and protectiveness toward one's country. | Nationalism |
| Invented the cotton gin in 1793 and demonstrated the use of interchangeable parts in 1801. | Eli Whitney |
| An 1815 plan presented by James Madison to make the U.S. economically self-sufficient. Included the establishment a protective tariff, a national bank, and better transportation systems. | American System |
| Developed the telegraph in 1837. | Samuel Morse |
| Passed in 1820, it admitted Missouri as a slave state, Maine as a free state, and banned slavery from the Louisiana Territory north of the parallel 36 30', Missouri's southern border. It kept the balance of power between slave states and free states. | Missouri Compromise |
| A policy of U.S. opposition to any European interference in the Western Hemisphere, announced by President Monroe in December 1823. | Monroe Doctrine |
| Democratic-Republican elected president in 1816 by large majority. During his term, the Federalist Party disappeared as feelings national unity and the federal government were strengthened. | James Monroe |
| Invented a steamboat that could move against the current or a strong wind and launched the Clermont on the Hudson River in 1807. | Robert Fulton |
| The idea of spreading political power to all the people, thereby ensuring majority rule. | Jacksonian democracy |
| The practice of winning candidates giving government jobs to political backers or supporters. | Spoils system |
| An 1830 act that called for the government to negotiate treaties that would require Native Americans to relocate west. | Indian Removal Act |
| The journey of the Cherokee people from their homeland to Indian Territory from 1838-1839, during which many died. | Trail of Tears |
| An 1828 law that raised tariffs on raw materials and manufactured goods. | Tariff of Abominations |
| South Carolina Congressman who supported a strong central government and opposed sectionalism but who later became a firm supporter of states' rights. He was the Vice President under Jackson's administration | John C. Calhoun |
| The idea that a state has the right to nullify or reject a federal law it considers unconstitutional. | Doctrine of nullification |
| Withdrawal (from the Union) | Secession |
| A financial crisis in which banks closed and the credit system collapsed. | Panic of 1837 |
| A former military hero from Tennessee supported by Westerners during the election of 1824. Lost, but was elected in 1828 and 1832. | Andrew Jackson |
| Monroe's secretary of state, he was a Democratic-Republican backed by New England during the election of 1824 and won the presidency. | John Quincy Adams |
| A severe economic slump. | Depression |
| One who buys huge areas of land for low prices and then sells off small sections of it for high prices. | Land speculator |
| A trail which led from Missouri to Santa Fe, New Mexico, opened by trader William Becknell in 1821. | Santa Fe Trail |
| A trail that ran westward from Independence, Missouri to the Oregon Territory. | Oregon Trail |
| The belief that the U.S. was bound to stretch across the continent from the Atlantic to Pacific Oceans. | Manifest Destiny |
| Signed on Feb. 2, 1848, it ended the war with Mexico. | Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo |
| A vast region given up by Mexico after the War wit Mexico that included present-day California, Nevada, Utah, most of Arizona, and parts of New Mexico, Colorado, and Wyoming. | Mexican Cession |
| In 1849, large numbers of people moved to California because gold had been discovered there. | California gold rush |
| A person who leaves a country. | Emigrant |
| A person who settles in a new country. | Immigrant |
| A factor that pushes people out of their native lands and pulls them toward a new place. | Push-pull factors |
| A severe food shortage. | Famine |
| A negative opinion that is not based on facts. | Prejudice |
| The Mormon leader who moved his people to Utah in 1847, where they built a settlement near the Great Salt Lake after Joseph Smith was killed in a mob in 1844. | Brigham Young |
| Eleventh president of the U.S. (Dem.) elected in 1844 who advocated westward expansion. He was America's first "dark horse," a candidate who received unexpected support. | James Polk |
| Peacefully refusing laws one considers unjust. | Civil disobedience |
| A 19th century philosophy that taught the spiritual world is more than the physical world and that people can find the truth within themselves through feeling and intuition. | Transcendentalism |
| A campaign to stop the drinking of alcohol. | Temperance movement |
| A group of workers who band together to seek better working conditions. | Labor union |
| To stop work to demand better working conditions. | Strike |
| The movement to end slavery. | Abolition |
| An aboveground series of escape routes from the South to the North. | Underground Railroad |
| A women's rights convention held in Seneca Falls, New York on July 19-20, 1848. | Seneca Falls Convention |
| The right to vote. | Suffrage |
| Head of Massachusetts's first state board of education in 1837, he called public education "the great equalizer" and supported the building of public schools. | Horace Mann |
| A reformer from Boston who changed the care of the mentally ill. Her efforts to improve care of the insane led to the construction of 32 new hospitals. | Dorothea Dix |
| Born a slave, he was taught to read while young and escaped to freedom in 1838. He was a lecturer for the MA Anti-Slavery Society, published an autobiography (1845), and published an antislavery newspaper. | Frederick Douglass |
| She fled her owners in 1827 and went to live with Quakers, who freed her. Spoke for abolition throughout the North, drawing huge crowds. | Sojourner Truth |
| A famous conductor on the Underground Railroad who helped many slaves escape during the 19 journeys she made to the South. | Harriet Tubman |
| An abolitionist who also demanded equality for women, esp. after being unable to speak in public at the World Anti-Slavery Convention in London in 1840. Held the Seneca Falls Convention with Lucretia Mott. | Elizabeth Cady Stanton |
| An bill proposed by David Wilmot (representative from Pennsylvania) in 1846 to outlaw slavery in any territory the U.S. might acquire from the War with Mexico. | Wilmot Proviso |
| A series of laws by Henry Clay which allowed California to be admitted as a free state. It included the passage of a stringent fugitive slave law. | Compromise of 1850 |
| A novel written by Harriet Beecher Stowe, published in 1852, which portrayed slavery as brutal and immoral. | Uncle Tom's Cabin |
| An 1850 law to help slaveholders recapture runaway slaves. People accused under this law could be held without an arrest warrant and had no right to a jury trial; a federal commissioner ruled on each case. | Fugitive Slave Act |
| A system in which residents vote to decide an issue. | Popular sovereignty |
| An 1854 law that established the territories of Kansas and Nebraska and gave their residents the right to decide whether to allow slavery. | Kansas-Nebraska Act |
| A landmark Supreme Court case in which it was ruled that slaves were property and Congress could not pass laws concerning slavery in the territories. | Dred Scott v. Sandford |
| A federal arsenal in Virginia that was captured in 1859 during a raid by John Brown to inspire slaves to fight for their freedom. | Harpers Ferry |
| The confederation formed by Southern states that had seceded in 1861. | Confederate States of America |
| Senator from Illinois who helped make sure the Compromise of 1850 was passed. He was one of the most powerful members of Congress at the time and commanded great respect (called the "Little Giant"). Involved in Lincoln-Douglas Debates. | Stephen Douglas |
| Opposed the Fugitive Slave Act and wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin to express her feelings about it. | Harriet Beecher Stowe |
| An extreme abolitionist who, along with seven other men, conducted the Pottawatomie Massacre (murdered five people of the cabins of his proslavery neighbors). He also led the raid on Harper's Ferry. | John Brown |
| President of the U.S. during the Civil War | Abraham Lincoln |
| Named president of the Confederacy at a convention in 1861. | Jefferson Davis |
| A fort in the harbor of Charleston, SC, site of the first battle of the Civil War. | Fort Sumter |
| When armed forces prevent the transportation of goods or people into or out of an area. | Blockade |
| A Union general who waged total war during his March to the Sea in late 1864. | William T. Sherman |
| A Confederate victory on July 21, 1861 near Manassas, VA which shocked the North and made them realize they had underestimated their opponent. | First Bull Run |
| Soldiers on horseback. | Cavalry |
| The Confederate supporter who assassinated President Abraham Lincoln on April 14, 1865. | John Wilkes Booth |
| A Sept. 17, 1862 battle in Maryland which was the bloodiest day in U.S. history (25000 casualties). Lee was forced to retreat but McClellan didn't follow, missing a chance to finish off the army; Lincoln fired him. | Battle of Antietam |
| An executive order issued by Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863, freeing the slaves in all territories rebelling against the Union. | Emancipation Proclamation |
| One of the first African-American regiments organized in the North which insisted on fighting without pay. It earned great fame in July 1863 leading a heroic attack at Fort Wagner. | 54th Massachusetts Regiment |
| A decisive Union victory in southern Pennsylvania (July 1-3, 1863) that ended hopes for a Confederate victory in the North. | Battle of Gettysburg |
| A speech given by President Abraham Lincoln on November 19, 1863, dedicating a cemetery in Gettysburg for the soldiers buried there. | Gettysburg Address |
| A Union victory (May 1863-July 4, 1863) by General Ulysses S. Grant which granted the Union full control of the Mississippi River. | Siege of Vicksburg |
| The small Virginia town where General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General Ulysses S. Grant on April 9, 1865, ending the Civil War. | Appomattox Court House |
| Commander of the Confederate Army during the Civil War. | Robert E. Lee |
| Commander of the Union army during the latter half of the Civil War, he won victories at Shiloh, Vicksburg, and other places. | Ulysses S. Grant |
| An amendment to the U.S. Constitution, adopted in 1865, banning slavery and involuntary servitude in the United States. | Thirteenth Amendment |
| An amendment to the U.S. Constitution, passed in 1868, that made all people born or naturalized in the U.S. citizens with equal rights that were to be granted "equal protection of the laws." | Fourteenth Amendment |
| An amendment to the U.S. Constitution, passed in 1870, which stated that citizens could not be stopped from voting "on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude." | Fifteenth Amendment |
Created by:
L0302626
Popular U.S. History sets