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Pharmacology
Pharmacology - Review + Abbrevs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| a.c. | before meals |
| p.c. | after meals |
| q2h, q3h | every x hours |
| ad | right ear |
| IV | intravenous |
| cap(s) | capsule(s) |
| liq | liquid |
| GM, gm | gram |
| ml | millilitre |
| OTC | over the counter |
| b.i.d. | twice daily |
| PRN | as needed |
| STAT | immediately |
| as | left ear |
| od | once daily |
| elix | elixer |
| sol | solution |
| kg | kilogram |
| ss | one half |
| p.o. | by mouth |
| h | hour |
| qd | every day |
| qod | every other day |
| t.i.d. | three times daily |
| au | both ears |
| os | left eye |
| gt, gtt | drop |
| tab | tablet |
| mitte | quantity |
| s | without |
| h.s. | at bedtime |
| q.h. | every hour |
| SC | subcutaneous |
| IM | intramuscular |
| ou | both eyes |
| gtts | drops |
| ung | ointment |
| mg | milligram |
| NPO | nothing by mouth |
| cap(s) | capsule(s) |
| CPS | Compendium of Pharmaceuticals and Specialties |
| ODB | Ontario Drug Benefit (program) |
| What is purpose of ODB? | Provides fiannical assistance based on eligibility for families or individuals who cannot pay for drugs based on income |
| What is mechanism of action? | the actions & interactions of a drug after it has been absorbed by the body |
| 5 mechanisms of action | 1. synergism 2. Additive Action 3. Tolerance 4. Cumulative Action 5. Idiosyncracy |
| half-life | the time that it takes the body to absorb half of the drug |
| 5 factors that affect drug action | metabolism, gender, age, other drugs, weight, idiosyncracy, tolerance, time of day |
| 6 ways of administering drugs | orally; intravenous; subcutaneous; aerosol; nasal; topical; rectal; sublingual |
| what is chemotherapy? | use of medications to treat cancer (oral, IV, radiation) |
| Pharmacology is the field of medicine that studies what? | medications & their effect on the body |
| Chemical Name: | molecular makeup of drug |
| generic name: | non proprietary/ general name (acetaminophin) |
| brand name: | given to drug by manufacturer (tylenol) |
| what is drug toxicity? | harmful effects of a drug on body |
| 6 routes that are parenteral? | intramuscular, intravenous, Z trac, Intrathecal, subcutaneous, intradermal |
| serious reaction to a medication | allergies |
| metabolites being transported to various parts of the body | distribution |
| extensions of prescriptions | Rx Renewal |
| accomplished mainly by the kidneys | excretion |
| continuation of long-term medications | Rx Repeats |
| medications placed directly in the ear | oto route |
| drugs administered into the airway | inhalation |
| helps medication to bypass the stomach | enteric coated |
| medicine absorbed through mucous membranes | topical |
| purpose for giving the drug | therapeutic action |
| every drug has them | side effect |
| process of breaking down a drug into metabolites | metabolism |
| medications given by injection | parenteral |
| delay in active absorption of medication | sustained release |
| process by which medicaiton is taken into the body | absorption |
| systemic classification | circulate in the bloodstream |
| cumulative action | medications accumulate in the body faster than they can metabolize |
| controlled drugs | high potential for addiction |
| narcotic | habit-forming drug (potent analgesic) that relieves pain. Act on CNS |
| Pharmacology | biological science. Studies description of drugs, action, & effects on body |
| Pharmacologist | packages and distributes medications |
| pharmacy | business to dispense medications |
| 4 names can be used to identify a simply drug? | 1. generic; 2. brand; 3. chemical; 4. botanical |
| the total effect that two drugs have in combination is equal to the sum of the effects of each | Additive Action |
| particles of medication suspended in air | aerosols |
| CNS stimulant | amphetamine |
| hypersensitive reaction of the body to a drug or foreign organism | anaphylaxis |
| drug which reduces or eliminates sensation | anaesthetic |
| drug which relieves angina by increasing blood flow | antianginal |
| agent given to counteract an unwanted effect of a drug | antidote |
| hypnotic drug derived from barbiuric acid | barbiturate |
| CNS stimulant | caffeine |
| drug that promotes the force and efficiency of the heart | cardiotonic |
| Factors in a patient's condition that prevents the use of a drug treatment | contrindications |
| the concentration of a drug may increase with each dose, due to the half-life of the previous dose | cumulative action |
| the time required by the body to metabolize half the amount of the drug ingested | half-life |
| an effect that is produced as an individual sensitivity to a drug | iatrogenic |
| target substance with which a drug interacts in the body | receptor |
| agent that excites and promotes activity | stimulant |
| a combination of two drugs that causes an effect that is greater than the sum of the individual effects of each drug given alone | synergism |
| drug used to control anxiety | tranquilizer |
| study of the colecular and physiological effects of a drug on the cellular system | pharmacodynamics |
| deals with the effects drugs have, how long it takes to be absorbed into the body and how the body metabolizes it. | pharmacokinetics |
| studies the adverse effects of drugs and chemicals used for therapeutic purposes as well as agriculture and industry | toxicology |
| study of drugs and their effect on people. Studies how they work and how they interact with other drugs and their therapeutic effect | clinical pharmacology |
| 5 Purposes of ODB | 1.confirm elegible benefits; 2.guide pharmacists stocking interchangeable products; 3.committees in hospitals/institutions for selection of pharmaceutical preparations; 4.confirm if drug is designated as interchangeable; 5.provide comparative pricing |
Created by:
MedixMOA
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