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Band Terms Sheet
For band terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| accelerando | gradually growing faster |
| accidental | chromatic alteration of a note from the key signature that lasts for a bar |
| ad libitum or a piacere | at pleasure, at will |
| a due (a 2) | for two parts |
| affetuoso | tenderly, with feeling |
| alla breve | cut time |
| allargando | slower and louder |
| amoroso | with love, with warmth |
| animato or con anima | lively, animated, spirited |
| appassionato or passione | passionate fervent |
| assai | much very |
| a tempo | return to the original tempo |
| attaca | continue without stop |
| bravura | great technical skill, virtuosity |
| brilliante | sparkling, spirited |
| cadenza | a brilliant, highly technical solo, often found at the end of a movement or piece |
| cadence | the closing of a melodic phrase |
| calmando or calmato | quieting down, subsiding |
| cantando or cantabile | in a singing style |
| capriccioso | fancifully, freely |
| coda | a concluding passage added to the form proper |
| con | with |
| con brio | with vigor |
| con forza | with force |
| con fuoco | with fire |
| con sordino | with mute |
| con spirito or spiritoso | with spirit |
| crescendo | becoming louder |
| da capo | from the beginning |
| dal segno | from the sign |
| decrescendo | becoming softer |
| diatonic | notes within the given scale or key |
| diminuendo | becoming softer |
| divisi | divided parts |
| dolce | sweet, gentle |
| doppio movimento | twice as fast |
| double flat | lower by a whole step |
| double sharp | raise by a whole step |
| dynamics | level of loudness |
| pianississimo | very, very soft |
| pianissimo | very soft |
| piano | soft |
| mezzo piano | medium soft |
| mezzo forte | medium loud |
| forte | loud |
| fortissimo | very loud |
| fortississimo | very, very loud |
| e, et or et | and |
| espressivo | with expression, with feeling |
| etude | a piece focusing a particular musical problem or subject |
| fermata | a pause or hold |
| finale | the final movement of a multi-movement piece |
| fine | end |
| forzando | strong accent |
| giocoso | playful, humorous |
| giusto | exact, appropriate or usual tempo |
| glissando | a glide from one note to the next |
| grazioso | gracefully |
| interval | pitch different between two notes |
| key signature | sharps or flats placed at the beginning of the piece |
| largamente | broadly |
| legato | smooth, even, without breaks |
| l'istesso tempo | at the same tempo |
| loco | return to normal position |
| maestoso | majestically, with dignity |
| marcato | accented, stressed |
| marcia | march |
| meno | less |
| molto | much, very |
| morendo | fading away |
| mosso or moto | moved, motion |
| non | no, do not |
| nuance | subtle shading in style |
| ossia | an alternate version |
| pesante | weighty, ponderous |
| piu | more |
| pochissimo | as little as possible |
| poco a poco | little by little |
| pomposo | pompous, stately |
| quasi | almost, as if |
| rallentando | becoming slower |
| ritardando | becoming slower |
| ritenuto | suddenly slower |
| rinforzando | a sudden accent |
| rubato | free use of accel. and rit. within a measure without altering the measure as a whole |
| sans or senza | without |
| scherzando | playfully |
| segue | continue without pause |
| sempre | always, throughout |
| sforzando | a sudden accent |
| simile | in a similar manner |
| soli | a section solo |
| solo | part for one performer |
| sonore | resounding, loud |
| sordino | mute |
| sostenuto | sustained |
| staccato | detached |
| stringendo | growing faster |
| subito | suddenly, at once |
| tacet | be silent |
| tempo | rate of speed |
| grave | solemn and very, very slow |
| largo | very slow |
| adagio, lento, larghetto | slow |
| andante | moderately slow |
| andantino | slightly faster than andante |
| moderato | moderate |
| allegretto | moderately fast |
| allegro | fast and lively |
| vivo, vivace | very fast and intense |
| presto | the fastest conventional tempo |
| prestissimo | as fast as possible |
| tenuto | held, sustained for full value |
| timbre | tone color |
| tranquillo | quiet, peaceful |
| trill | rapid alteration between written note and the diatonic second above it |
| troppo | too much |
| tutti | all, with all performers |
| un, una, uno | one |
| unison | together on the same part or in octaves |
| up bow - V | moving tip to frog |
| down bow - II | moving frog to tip |
| détaché | a primarily connected bow stoke with distinct, separate bows |
| slur | connecting more than one note per bow without stopping |
| staccato | short, stopped strokes with the bow remaining on the string |
| spiccato | stoke with the bow bouncing off the string |
| portato | slightly enunciate each note within a slur using bow weight and speed |
| arzo | with the bow |
| pizzicato | plucked |
| martelé | hammered; heavily accented staccato |
| tremolo | an effect produced by rapidly alternating down and up bows |
| staccato volant | linked spiccato notes in the same direction |
| ricochet | thrown/rebound stoke usually in groups of 2 or 3 |
| flautando | flute-like bowing played near the fingerboard |
| col legno | the effect produced by striking the sting with the stick |
| sul ponticello | an icy, whistling effect produced by purposely playing too close to the bridge |
| alto clef | used for viola and trombone to avoid excessive ledger lines; middle C is the center line |
| tenor clef | used for cello, trombone, bassoon, and double bass; middle C is the fourth line from the bottom |
| vibrato | slight variation of pitch by left hand motion used to add warmth |
| Conductor | Brian Cole |
| Music Pieces | "Route 66" -- Michael Daugherty "Komm susser tod" "Come Sweet Death" -- J.S. Bach/Stokowski "Symphony #8 (old #4) Finale Movement 4" -- Antonin Dvorak |
| Major Scales | diatonic scales with half-steps between 3-4 and 7-8 |
| Natural Minor Scales | diatonic scales with half-steps between 2-3 and 5-6 |
| Harmonic Minor Scales | natural minor scales with the 7th scale degree raised a half step, adds half step between 7-8 and interval of 1 and a half steps between 6-7 |
| Melodic Minor Scales | natural scales where the 6th and 7th scale degrees are raised one half step in the ascending form creating half steps between 2-3 and 7-8; these notes are lowered to their natural state in the descending scale, making it identical to the natural minor |
| Chromatic Scales | scales which proceed by half-step from the first note to the last note |
| C major | no sharps or flats |
| a minor | no sharps or flats |
| F major and Db minor | 1 flat |
| Bb Major and G minor | 2 flats |
| Eb Major and C minor | 3 flats |
| Ab Major and F minor | 4 flats |
| Db Major and Bb minor | 5 flats |
| Gb Major and Eb minor | 6 flats |
| Cb Major and Ab minor | 7 flats |
| G Major and e minor | 1 sharp |
| D major and b minor | 2 sharps |
| A major and f# minor | 3 sharps |
| E major and c# minor | 4 sharps |
| B major and g# minor | 5 sharps |
| F# Major and d# minor | 6 sharps |
| C# major and a# minor | 7 sharps |
Created by:
Lyli
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