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Unit #1 Rise of Amer
Unit #1 Rise of America (Laura Hahn)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| American Revolution | was the war fought between the thirteen colonies and Great Britain. The thirteen colonies won the war and received independence. |
| The Battle of Concord | fought in 1775 in Massachusetts, along with the Battle of Lexington, was the initial fight that started the American Revolution. |
| Battle of Lexington | fought in 1775 in Massachusetts, along with the Battle of Concord, was the initial fight that started the American Revolution. |
| Battle of Saratoga | fought in 1777 in New York, considered the turning pt of American Revolution. British suffered an embarrassing defeat and the colonies proved they could defeat the world’s greatest army, encouraging outside support from France and other European nations. |
| The Battle of Yorktown | fought in 1781 in Virginia, ended the armed conflict between the colonists and the British. The resounding military victory by the colonists led the British to grant independence. |
| Benedict Arnold | was an American general who turned traitor and supported the British during the American Revolution. |
| Boston Massacre | was an incident that occurred in 1770 where British soldiers fired into a crowd of colonists killing five people. The Boston Massacre became a propaganda tool for the colonists in their attempts to fight the harshness of British rule. |
| The Boston Tea Party (1773) | was a protest against the Tea Act in which a group of colonists boarded British tea ships and dumped their contents into Boston Harbor. |
| Boundaries | are the established outlines of a piece of land, generally through careful surveying of the property. |
| Bourgeoisie | is perceived to be dominated by the social middle class, or capitalists. |
| Boycott | is the refusal to participate in an activity or to buy a particular good or service in order to send a message regarding one’s unhappiness or dissatisfaction. |
| Cash crop | is a product grown for sale and not for the planter’s own use. |
| Civil liberties | are personal freedoms that the government cannot abridge by law, constitution, or judicial interpretation. |
| Colonization | is the process of inhabiting and/or taking control of a territory or piece of land. |
| Colony | is a territory or piece of land claimed by a nation-sate; which causes the inhabitants to be subject to the direct control of that nation-state. |
| Committees of Correspondence | were created by the Massachusetts House of Representatives in the 1760s to help towns and colonies share information about resisting British laws. |
| Confederacy | is a group of independent states or nations under a weak central government that has little influence over the independent states. |
| Conflict | is a state of open hostility or disharmony that in many cases, leads to fighting, battle, or war. |
| Consent of the Governed | John Locke’s ideas that the government gets its right to govern from the people. This principle is included in the Declaration of Independence. |
| Continental Congress | met in several sessions and guided the colonial response to British policy during the 1770s; including the decision for revolution and the creation of the Articles of Confederation. |
| Culture | is a learned behavior of people, which includes their belief systems and languages, their social relationships, institutions or organizations, and their material goods – food, clothing, buildings, tools, and machines. Declaration of Independence |
| Democracy | is a form of government in which political control is exercised by all people, either directly or through their elected representatives. |
| Economics | is the study of how people, individually and in groups (families, businesses, governments, organizations) choose to use their relatively scarce productive resources to satisfy their wants. |
| Equal rights | are guarantees that all people will be treated the same, and have the same rights. |
| Export | is a good or service sold to an individual, business, or government in another country. |
| Fetter | is to restrain or put into chains. |
| France | located in Western Europe, has been a historical rival of Great Britain and chose to support the thirteen colonies in their struggle for freedom during the American Revolution. |
| George Washington | was a Revolutionary War hero and Patriot leader who served as a representative to the Continental Congresses, commanded the Continental Army, and was unanimously elected to two terms as President of the United States. |
| Great Britain | located in Western Europe, was a leading world power in the eighteenth century. It originally controlled the thirteen colonies that became the U.S. The United States fought two wars with Great Britain; the American Revolution and the War of 1812. |
| The Hessians | were mercenary soldiers from Prussia who were hired by the British to assist them in ending the independence movement of the North American colonies. |
| Imperialism | is the policy, practice, or advocacy of extending the power and dominion of a nation by direct territorial control, or indirectly, controlling the political and economic life of another nation. |
| Import | is a good or service purchased from an individual, business, or government in another country. |
| Inalienable | means to be incapable of surrendering of transferring. For example, inalienable rights are those that are natural and part of being a member of the human race. |
| Indentured servant | was an individual who contracts to work for a specified number of years in exchange for transportation to another country, food, clothing, and shelter. |
| Intolerable Acts (1774) | were laws passed by Parliament to punish the colonists for the Boston Tea Party and to tighten government control of the colonies. |
| Job | is an occupation, a way someone earns a living. |
| John Locke | was a British philosopher who advocated political theories, such as natural rights and consent of the governed, which became foundational ideas for the United States’ system of government. |
| King George III | was the British monarch who established economic and political policies, along with the British legislature, that the colonies felt were unfair and intolerable. |
| Loyalist | was a colonist who sided with Great Britain in the American Revolution. |
| Marquis de Lafayette | was a French statesman and military officer who viewed the American Revolution as important to the world. He helped to finance the American Revolution and served as a major general under George Washington’s leadership. |
| Mercantilism | is a theory that a state’s power depends on its wealth. Colonies are viewed as producers of the resources necessary for a state to grow in power. |
| Migration | the act or process of people moving from one place to another with the intent of establishing residency. |
| Forced or involuntary migration | is when people move at the will of other people or by the force of nature. |
| Voluntary migration | is when people choose to move. |
| Militia | is an army comprised of ordinary citizens rather than professional soldiers. |
| Minutemen | were members of the American colonial militia, so named for their readiness to fight at a minute’s notice. |
| Nation | is a cultural concept for a group of people bound together by a strong sense of shared values and cultural characteristics, including language, religion, and common history. |
| Native Americans | are members of any of the indigenous peoples of the Western Hemisphere. |
| Obscurantist | is one who is deliberately vague or withholds information and/or knowledge. |
| Parliament | is the British legislative branch; composed of an upper house called the House of Lords and a lower house called the House of Commons. |
| Patriot | was an American colonist who fought for independence from Great Britain during the Revolutionary War. |
| Physical features | are a subcategory of physical characteristics of places and regions derived from the physical environment; including, but not limited to landforms and continents and bodies of water. |
| Policy | is a definite course or method of action selected from among alternatives in light of given conditions to guide and determine present and future decisions. Governments, non-governmental organizations or other groups may set policy. |
| Political | is relating to, or dealing with the structure or affairs of government, politics, or the state. |
| Principle | is a basic rule or standard that guides, influences thought, action, and behavior. |
| Proclamation of 1763 | attempted to prevent British settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains The Proclamation of 1763 was largely ignored and led to conflict between Native Americans and colonial settlers. |
| Product | is something produced by human or mechanical effort or by a natural process. |
| Provisional | is temporary, or serving for the time being until replaced by a more permanent solution or body. |
| Quartering | refers to the housing of soldiers, generally against the will of the homeowner and with no restitution for the providing of room and board. |
| The Quartering Act of 1765 | called for citizens to provide aid and shelter to British soldiers at any time. This was met with resounding resentment on the part of the colonists and became a source of lasting conflict reflected in the establishment of the 2nd and 3rd Amendments |
| Redcoats | were British soldiers who fought against the colonists in the American Revolution; so called because of their bright red uniforms. |
| Region | is an area with one or more common characteristics or features, which give it a measure of homogeneity and make it different from surrounding areas. |
| Repeal | involves removal or reversal of an authoritative action such as a law. |
| Resources | are the total means available for economic and political development, such as mineral wealth, labor force, and armaments. |
| Natural resources | are the renewable and nonrenewable gifts of nature that can be used to produce goods and services; including, but not limited to land, water, animals, minerals, trees, climate, soil, fires, seeds, grains, and fruits. |
| Revolution | is a major uprising or series of events that lead to change. |
| Samuel Adams | was an American revolutionary who led the agitation that caused the Boston Tea Party. He signed the Declaration of Independence as a representative of the colony of Massachusetts. |
| Servant | is a person who is privately employed to perform services/tasks for another person. |
| Slave | is someone in bondage to another; under their direct control and with little hope of obtaining freedom. |
| Slavery | is a system of ownership of humans, by other humans, varying by society and time period. |
| Social | is of or relating to human society and its modes of organization. |
| Social Contract | theory maintains that a nation exists due to the will of the people and that the power stays with the people, which the nation protects. |
| Sons of Liberty | were a secret society organized to protest the Stamp Act. |
| The Stamp Act (1765) | was a law passed by Parliament that raised tax money by requiring colonists to pay for an official stamp whenever they bought paper items such as newspapers, licenses, and legal documents. |
| Tax | is a mandatory payment to the government, imposed on individuals, groups, and businesses to enable government to provide services. |
| The Rallying Cry of the American Revolution | was “No Taxation Without Representation,” the belief that the colonists should have representatives in Parliament to look out for their interest. |
| Tea Act of 1773 | as passed by Parliament, allowed the British East India Company to sell its low cost tea directly to the colonies; undermining colonial tea merchants. The Tea Act is considered a root cause of the Boston Tea Party. |
| Thomas Jefferson | was an American statesman and member of two Continental Congresses, chairman of the committee to draft the Declaration of Independence, the Declaration’s main author and one of its signers, and the third President of the United States. |
| Townshend Acts | were passed in 1767 and placed taxes on glass, lead, paints, paper, and tea. To enforce the Townshend Acts British authorities were granted far reaching powers that invaded the individual rights of colonial citizens. |
| Trade | is to engage in the exchange, purchase, or sale of resources, goods, or services. |
| Treason | is the betrayal of one’s country; in the Constitution, by levying war against the United States or offering comfort or aid to its enemies. |
| Treaty of Paris (1783) | officially ended the American Revolution by guaranteeing the independence of the thirteen colonies. |
| Triangular trade | was the trading network in which goods and slaves moved among England, the American colonies, and Africa. |
| Writs of Assistance | were blanket search warrants which British custom officials used to invade private homes to search for smuggled goods. |
| Yoke | is a controlling device used to force two or more animals to work together. |
| Writs of Assistance: | were blanket search warrants which British custom officials used to invade private homes to search for smuggled goods.* |
| Yoke: | is a controlling device used to force two or more animals to work together.* |
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