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Unit #6 Civil War
Civil War and Reconstruction - Last Unit of the Year! (Laura Hahn)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Abraham Lincoln | was the Sixteenth President of the United States. He promoted equal rights for African Americans, issued the Emancipation Proclamation, and set in motion the American Civil War; determined to preserve the Union. Abraham Lincoln was assassinated in 1865. |
| The Anaconda Plan | was the North’s military strategy designed to cut off supplies to the South through the use of a naval blockade. |
| Andrew Johnson | was an American politician and the Seventeenth President of the United States upon the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. He was impeached for his unpopular ideas about Reconstruction. He held onto the office by a one-vote margin. |
| An assassination | is an attempt to kill an important or significant person in order to attempt to institute dramatic change. |
| The Baltimore Riots | occurred April 19, 1861, when Southern sympathizers attempted to assassinate Abraham Lincoln as he passed through Baltimore. A month later, martial law was imposed in order to prevent Maryland from falling under control of secessionists supportive of the |
| The Battle of Antietam (1862) | was a Union victory in the Civil War, but at great human cost. The Battle of Antietam marked the bloodiest day of the Civil War, as the North and the South fought for control of Western Maryland. |
| The Battle of Bull Run (1861) | also known in the South as the Battle of Manassas, was the first major battle of the Civil War. A Southern victory shocked Northern leaders expecting a quick end to the war. |
| The Battle of Gettysburg (1863) | is considered the turning point of the Civil War. The Union defeat of Confederate forces after a three-day battle led to the eventual defeat of the South by the North. |
| The Battle of Hampton Roads (1862) | was the first major naval battle of the Civil War, involving ironclad ships, the Northern Monitor and Southern Merrimack (Virginia), and a Northern victory saved the Union fleet and maintained the blockade. |
| The Battle of Vicksburg (1863) | was the turning point of the war in the West, when Northern forces under General Ulysses S. Grant defeated Southern forces and completely controlled the Mississippi River. |
| Black Codes | were laws passed in the South just after the Civil War aimed at controlling freedmen and enabling plantation owners to exploit workers. |
| A blockade | is a naval military procedure designed to prevent shipping, goods, etc. from coming into and out of a port. |
| A carpetbagger | was the name given by Southerners to Northern-born Republicans who moved to the South after the Civil War. Carpetbaggers were accused of trying to profit from Reconstruction. |
| Checks and balances | are the constitutional mechanisms that allow one branch of the government to limit the exercise of power by another branch of government. |
| Civil liberties | are personal freedoms that the government cannot abridge by law, constitution or judicial interpretation |
| The Civil War Amendments | included the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments to the United States Constitution designed to protect the rights and liberties of the freed/former African slaves. |
| The 13th Amendment | formally ended slavery and gave Congress specific authority to enforce the amendment through legislation. |
| The 14th Amendment | declared that every person born or naturalized in the United States was a citizen and that all citizens are entitled to “due process of law” and “equal protection of the laws.” |
| The 15th Amendment | was designed to protect the right of African-Americans to vote. |
| Clara Barton | was the founder of the American Red Cross; she obtained and administered supplies and care to Union soldiers during the Civil War. |
| The Compromise of 1877 | was an agreement to settle the disputed Presidential election of 1876. Democrats agreed to accept Republican Rutherford B. Hayes as President in return for the removal of federal troops from the South. |
| A Confederate | was a Southern soldier, or Southern sympathizer. |
| Conscription | is the compulsory enlistment of men into the armed forces. |
| Discrimination | involves actions that treat people differently, based on factors or characteristics such as, race, religion, class, gender, disability, ethnicity, sexual orientation, or age. |
| To Disenfranchise | is to deprive an individual of the right to citizenship, including the right to vote. |
| The draft | is the selection of persons to serve in the armed forces. |
| The Election of 1876 | involved an Electoral College dispute between Republican Rutherford B. Hayes and Democrat Samuel Tilden. The outcome of the election allowed Hayes to become President and Reconstruction in the South would come to an end. |
| Emancipation | is the act of freeing someone from slavery or bondage. |
| The Emancipation Proclamation (1863) | declared all slaves residing in areas in rebellion against the Union to be freed. The proclamation did not affect the status of slave-holding states that remained in the Union. |
| exile | is to cast out, to be sent away from one’s homeland. |
| In Ex Parte Garland (1866) | the Supreme Court found that the passage of an 1865 law by Congress disbarring former members of the Confederate government from serving as lawyers was unconstitutional. |
| In Ex Parte Milligan (1861) | the Supreme Court found that President Lincoln’s suspension of the Writ of Habeas Corpus was unconstitutional. Even in a time of war, basic civil liberties were to be maintained. |
| The Fifty-Fourth Massachusetts Regiment | was an African American Civil War regiment that captured Fort Wagner in South Carolina. The exploits of the Fifty-Fourth Massachusetts Regiment are documented in the film, Glory. |
| Frederick Douglass | was an African American abolitionist and writer who escaped slavery and became a leading African American spokesman and writer. Frederick Douglass lived much of his life in Baltimore, Maryland. |
| The Freedmen’s Bureau | was an agency established by Congress in 1865 to help poor people throughout the South. |
| Impeachment | is charging a public official with a crime in office for which they can be removed from office. |
| Inflation | occurs when the measure of overall prices (Consumer Price Index) shows that prices are rising. |
| Jefferson Davis | was the first and only President of the Confederate States of America after the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860 led to the secession of many southern states. |
| Jim Crow Laws | separate people based on race; aimed primarily at African-Americans after the Civil War. |
| John Wilkes Booth | was a Southern sympathizer who assassinated President Lincoln in April 1865 at Ford’s Theater in Washington, D.C. |
| The Ku Klux Klan | was a secret society created by white Southerners in 1866 that used terror and violence to keep African Americans from obtaining their civil rights. |
| Limited government | is the philosophy that the powers provided to the legitimate authority (government) should be clearly enumerated and checks put in place to prevent the abuse of its powers. |
| Martial law | is rule by the military in times of trouble, unrest, or war instead of by civil authority. |
| The Merrimac | was a former Union ship captured by the confederates and restored as an ironclad vessel. Along with the Monitor, the Merrimac fought in the first significant naval battle of the Civil War. |
| The Monitor | was a Union ship created with iron plates designed to ward off cannonball fire. Along with the Merrimack, the Monitor fought in the first significant naval battle of the Civil War. |
| Patriotism | is love and support of a cause, or one’s country. |
| Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) | was a Supreme Court case that established the “separate-but-equal” doctrine for public facilities. |
| Prison camps | were places used to house prisoners of war on both sides of the Civil War. Prison camps were often sites of human rights abuses and gross mistreatment of captured Confederate and/or Union soldiers. |
| A profiteer | makes unfair profit, gains benefit, by charging excessive prices for scarce goods. |
| Radical Republicans | were members of Congress who felt that Southern states needed to make great social changes before they could be readmitted to the Union. |
| Rebel | was a term applied to Southerners, both civilians and soldiers, who supported the dissolution of the Union. |
| Reconstruction | was the process for returning the Southern states back into the Union following the Civil War. |
| The Red Cross | is an international organization to care for sick and wounded in war. The Red Cross was founded by Clara Barton during the Civil War. |
| Robert E. Lee | was an American soldier who refused Abraham Lincoln’s offer to head the Union Army and agreed to lead Confederate forces. He successfully led several major battles until his defeat at Gettysburg, and he surrendered to the Union’s commander, General Ulyss |
| The rule of law | is the principle which the law applies to government officials as much as to ordinary citizens. |
| Rutherford B. Hayes | was the Nineteenth President of the United States when he took office in 1877. He was elected based on the Compromise of 1877 that allowed him to take office in return for formally ending Reconstruction in the South. |
| A scalawag | was a white Southerner who supported the Republican Party after the Civil War. |
| Sharecropping | was a system used on Southern farms after the Civil War in which farmers worked land owned by someone else in return for a small portion of the crops. |
| A strategy | is the planning and directing of a series of activities designed to accomplish specific objectives or goals. |
| The Ten Percent Plan | was President Lincoln’s plan for Reconstruction. Once ten percent of voters in a former Confederate state took a loyalty oath to the United States, they could form a new state government and be readmitted to the Union. |
| Ulysses S. Grant | was the Eighteenth President of the United States and the General who forced the Confederate forces of General Lee to surrender at Appomattox Courthouse, ending the Civil War. |
| The Union | was the common moniker used to identify the Northern states during the Civil War. |
| The Wade-Davis Bill | outlined a stricter Reconstruction plan that would have made it more difficult for Southern states to rejoin the Union quickly. Provisions included the immediate end of slavery in the South and a series of loyalty oaths that would have to be taken by a m |
| William T. Sherman | was an American Union Army officer, famous for his “March to the Sea,” that included the capture and destruction of Atlanta, Georgia. The “Scorched Earth Campaign” waged by General Sherman marked an important phase of the war as the North progressed towa |
| A Writ of Habeas Corpus | is a court order to require that an individual accused of a crime appear in court to determine whether he or she has been legally detained. |
| Yankees | was a term used by Southerners to describe those civilians and soldiers supporting the Union. |
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