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20th century & rev.
REVOLUTIONS OF 1848 - THE 20TH-CENTURY
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) | British theorist and philosopher who proposed utilitarianism, the principle that governments should operate on the basis of utility, or the greatest good for the greatest number. |
| Edmund Burke (1729-1797) | Member of British Parliament and author of Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790), which criticized the underlying principles of the French Revolution and argued conservative thought. |
| Burschenschaften | Politically active students around 1815 in the German states proposing unification and democratic principles. |
| Carbonari | Italian secret societies calling for a unified Italy and republicanism after 1815. |
| Carlsbad Decrees (1819) | Repressive laws in the German states limiting freedom of speech and dissemination of liberal ideas in the universities. |
| Decembrist | Russian revolutionaries calling for constitutional reform in the early nineteenth century. |
| Frederick William IV (1840-1861) | King of Prussia who promised and later reneged on his promises for constitutional reforms in 1848. |
| Francois Guizot (1787-1874) | Chief minister under Louis Philippe. Guizot's repression led to the revolution of 1848. |
| Holy Alliance | An alliance envisioned by Alexander I of Russia by which those in power were asked to rule in accord with Christian principles. |
| Louie Napoleon Bonaparte (1808-1873) | Nephew of Napoleon I; he came to power as president of the Second French Republic in 1848. |
| Prince Clemens von Metternich (1773-1859) | Austrian member of the nobility and chief architect of conservative policy at the Congress of Vienna. |
| John Stuart Mill (1806-1873) | British philosopher who published On Liberty (1859), advocating individual rights against government intrusion, and The Subjection of Women (1869), on the cause of women's rights. |
| Poor Law of 1834 | Legislation that restricted the number of poverty-stricken eligible for aid. |
| Quadruple Alliance | Organization, made up of Austria, Britain, Prussia, and Russia, to preserve the peace settlement of 1815; France joined in 1818. |
| Rotten boroughs | Depopulated areas of England that nevertheless sent representatives to Parliament. |
| Zollverein | Economic customs union of German states established in 1818 by Prussia and including almost all German-speaking states except Austria by 1844. |
| Repeal of Test Act (1828) | Allowed Protestants who were not members of the Church of England to hold public office. |
| Catholic Emancipation Bill (1829) | Enabled Catholics to hold public office for the first time. |
| Reform Bill of 1832 | Gave vote to all men who paid ten pounds in rent a year; eliminated the rotten boroughs. |
| Slavery | Abolished in the British Empire, 1833. |
| Factory Act | Limited children's and adolescents workweek in textile factories |
| Corn Laws | Repealed in 1846. They had imposed a tariff on imported grain and were a symbolic protection of aristicratic landholdings. |
Created by:
mgonz09
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