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Topic24-26 US AP
US History AP
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1. Lincoln’s ten-percent plan | Plan to restore Southern states which accepted Emancipation and had 10% of population pledge loyalty oaths to the Union & Constitution |
| 4. the Sharecropping system | System in the South in which ex-slaves worked the land of others in exchange for tools, feed, & supplies, keeping only half the crop harvested which was used to borrow supplies from merchants, keeping sharecroppers in a cycle of debt and poverty. |
| 7. the 15th Amendment | Forbid states from denying the right to vote based on race, color, or prior slave status (not gender). It was opposed by some activist women, like Susan B. Anthony & Elizabeth Stanton. |
| 10. Booker T. Washington’s vision for blacks | He encouraged blacks to work hard, acquire vocational education, and prove their worth to whites, NOT agitate for political progress. |
| 13. the “Redeemers” | White Democratic Southerners committed to economic development and white supremacy |
| 16. Ida B. Wells | Elementary teacher and journalist who waged a life-long battle against the horrors of lynching (executions carried out by individuals or a mob without a public trial) that were used to terrorize blacks and reinforce white supremacy |
| 19. Causes of the decline of the Plains Indian tribes | The spread of epidemic diseases, constant warfare, greedy settlers who overran tribal lands, and most importantly, the slaughter of buffalo herds that were the source of food, clothing and shelter |
| 22. the “Ghost Dance” | A spiritual movement inspired by the Paiute prophet Wovoka that led many desperate Native Americans to believe in the ritual dance's power to restore buffalo herds and reverse the advance of white settlers. Fear led to a massacre of 300 at Wounded Knee |
| 20. decline of “Open Range” ranching | By late 1880s, falling beef prices lead to a reduction in cattle ranching. Severely cold winters wiped out more than half of rancher’s herds. The use of barbed wire closed off “open range” areas that had been available in the past during cattle drives |
| 18. U.S. government’s role in Western expansion | Provided Railroads with subsidies and generous land grants to promote the building of a nationwide rail system that enabled expansion westward |
| 14. Plessey v. Ferguson | Supreme Court ruling(1896)approved segregation created by Jim Crow laws allowing for “separate but equal” railroad cars for blacks. would last 60 years, and extend to restaurants,schools,fountains…until overturned in 1954 Brown v. Board of Edu. ruling |
| 8. Reasons for the end of Reconstruction | 1. the KKK used terror to suppress blacks from voting, allowing Democrats to replace Republican governments. 2. Northern voter’s interest became more focused on Western Expansion 3. The Compromise of 1877 |
| 6. the Impeachment of President Johnson | Led by Radical Repubs. who wanted to punish the Southern states n protect the rights of the freedmen. President Johnson kept trying to prevent Reconstruction from taking place. The House of Reps. impeached him, but Senate failed to convict by one vote. |
| 2. President Johnson’s reconstruction plan for Southern states | 1. required oath of loyalty 2. renounce the act of secession from the Union 3. Ratify the 13th Amendment 4. Take back Confederate War debts |
| 9. Radical Republicans | Led by Thaddeus Stevens & Charles Sumner, they controlled Congress during Reconstruction Era, and sought to punish the South and protect the rights of black citizens. Clashed repeatedly with the lenient Pres. Johnson, resulting in his impeachment in 1868 |
| 15. Literacy tests | Required blacks to prove literacy by reading the Constitution to the satisfaction of the poll officials (white). This method of legalized racism was used alongside Poll Taxes to keep blacks from voting, negating their rights given by the 15th Amendment |
| 21. the Dawes Act of 1887 | An ill-conceived plan to “civilize” Native Americans by turning them into independent farmers. The Act divided tribal lands into individual homesteads of 160 acres, but were unprepared for a life change to farming; 2/3 of tribal land was lost by 1934. |
| 5. the 14th Amendment | Overturned the “Dred Scott decision” by stating all persons born or naturalized in the U.S. are citizens with guaranteed “equal protection” of the law and the right of “due process” |
| 17. “Atlanta Compromise” | The term used by W.E.B. Dubois to criticize Booker T. Washington’s call for gradual progress. Dubois argued for blacks to demand the rights granted to them by the Amendments the Constitution (13th, 14th, & 15th) during Reconstruction and full equality |
| 24. Black Codes | Laws passed by Southern States to limit the socioeconomic opportunities of the newly freedmen (former slaves): 1. Prevented ownership of land 2. Barred interracial marriage 3. Unlawful to carry weapons |
| 3. the Compromise of 1877 | In order to resolve a contested election, the Democrats agreed to let the Republican Rutherford B. Hayes be president in exchange for removing federal troops from the South, ending Reconstruction |
| 12. the aim of Jim Crow laws | To segregate society (keep blacks & whites separate)by rejecting the idea of racial equality |
| 11. “New South” proponents | Henry Grady called for a more diversified Southern economy, based new industries like textiles and expanding tobacco production |
| 23. the Turner Frontier Thesis | A paper by Frederick Jackson Turner that noted effect that the “frontier experience” had on developing the American character of individualism, resourcefulness, and democratic institutions that provided for social mobility regardless of class |
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