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Boldt Review US Hist
Year long vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the social movement to end slavery. (Leaders: Fredrick Douglas, Sojourner Truth, William L. Garrison) | Abolitionists |
| Cede | to give up by treaty |
| Cotton Gin | invented by Eli Whitney in the 1790s to remove the seeds from cotton. Textile Factories—Used machines to produce cloth in large quantities. Samuel Slater established the first textile factory |
| Education Movement | Horace Mann led the movement to establish free, state financed elementary schools. |
| Election of 1824 | the “corrupt bargin”. |
| 49ers | people who went to California during the Gold Rush of 1849 |
| Gold Rush | discovery of gold in 1848 at Sutter’s Mill, California led to over 100, 000 people moving to California in search of quick riches |
| Interchangeable Parts | parts that can be substituted for one another in the manufacturing process. Eli Whitney developed the interchangeable parts in the 1800s |
| Indian Removal Act | many Cherokees and other Native American tribes were removed from areas east of the Mississippi River to lands west of the Mississippi River during Jackson’s presidency |
| Industrial Revolution | movement from Europe in which America saw its level of Industry grow to levels which encouraged urbanization (the movement of more and more people to cities and away from farming). |
| Jacksonian Democracy | spreading political power to all people to ensure majority rule. |
| Manifest Destiny | name given to the idea that the United States was destined to expand from the Atlantic to Pacific Ocean. (James K. Polk President); it was a driving force for westward expansion (territorial growth) |
| Mexican War | war between US and Mexico in which the US acquired land that would become California, New Mexico, Nevada, Arizona. Texas was annexed as well |
| Nullification Crisis | idea that state government could nullify a federal law that they feel unfairly hurts their state (or unconstitutional); S. Carolina nearly attempted to secede from US after nullifying protective tariffs in 1828, 1832, but agreed to compromise in 1833. |
| Nullify | to declare something to be without power or effect |
| Oregon Dispute | - both Britain and the United States had claims on the Oregon Territory. In the 1840s President James K. Polk attempted to declare the parallel of 54°40' as the northern boundary of the United States |
| Protective Tariffs | taxes on imported goods that are designed to help Untied States companies compete in the sale of those goods |
| Second Great Awakening | a revival of religious feeling and belief in the 1820s and 1830s |
| Sectionalism | a strong sense of loyalty to a state or section instead of to the whole country |
| Spoils System | practice of handing out government jobs to supporters; replacing government employees with the winning candidate’s supporters |
| States' Rights | the idea that states had the right to control all issues/laws in their state not specifically giving to them by the federal government.; Southern states believed in states’ rights |
| Suffrage | the right to vote and the exercise of that. |
| Temperance Movement | a public campaign against the sale or drinking of alcohol |
| Trail of Tears | Cherokee and other Native tribes were forced west to reservation land after Andrew Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act into law. Many died along the trial |
| Underground Railroad | a system that helped enslaved African Americans follow a network of escape routes out of the South to freedom in the North |
| Womens's Movement | Focused gaining voting rights (Suffrage) for women (Leaders: Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, Lucretia Mott) |
| Appomattox Courthouse | Lee surrenders to Grant; Civil War ends (1865) |
| Black Codes | laws passed in the South after the Civil War aimed at controlling freedmen and enabling plantation owners to exploit African American workers |
| Carpet Baggers | name given to Northern whites who moved South after the Civil War and supported the Republicans |
| Civil War | war between the Union (North) and the Confederacy (South) over state’s rights, slavery, sectionalism, secession and the Election of 1860 |
| Compromise of 1850 | California was admitted as a free state, a harsher Fugitive Slave Law was enacted, and the Mexican Cession was divided into the territories of New Mexico and Utah. In each territory, voters would decide the slavery question |
| Dred Scott Decision | an abolitionist case in which a slave sued for his freedom and was denied because he did not have the right of a citizen to sue in court. .Supreme Court ruled that slaves were property. |
| Election of 1860 | Lincoln’s election to the presidency in 1860 triggered the secession of 9 Southern states starting with South Carolina. One of the causes of the Civil War |
| Emancipate | – to free from slavery |
| Emancipation Proclamation | freed the slaves in the states of rebellion and changed the purpose of the war to include ending slavery along with preserving the Union. |
| 15th Amendment | gave African American men the right to vote. |
| Fort Sumter | Civil War begins here in 1861 |
| 14th Amendment | required states to give citizenship to all citizens born in the United States and gave other basic civil rights. |
| Gettysburg | turning point battle of the Civil War in 1863 |
| Gettysburg Address | Abraham Lincoln’s speech that emphasized the ideas of liberty, equality, and Union and the purpose of the Civil War. |
| ironclads | armored naval vessels |
| Kansas Nebraska Act | Kansas and Nebraska would use popular sovereignty to answer the question of slavery. |
| Missouri Compromise | Maine -free state and Missouri - slave state. Congress drew an imaginary line across the southern border of Missouri. Slavery was permitted in the part of the Louisiana Purchase south of that line, but north of that line slavery was banned. |
| Popular Sovereignty | principle of government in which government derives its power from the people; idea of “We the People” |
| Republican Party | modern Republican Party began before the Civil War as an anti-slavery party. Abraham Lincoln was elected the first Republican president in 1860. |
| Secession | withdrawal from the Union |
| Sectionalism | a strong sense of loyalty to a state or section instead of to the whole country |
| Slavery | a system in which people own and control other people for the purpose of getting work done |
| States' Rights | the idea that states had the right to control all issues/laws in their state not specifically giving to them by the federal government; Southern belief |
| Tariff | taxes on imports or exports |
| 13th Amendment | gave freedom to slaves in all states |
| Vicksberg | gave North control of the Mississippi River (1863) |
Created by:
vanhouten
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