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Ch 5 Roman Empire
Roman Empire
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Etruscans | Shared the Italian peninsula with the Romans and Greeks; people who inhabited early Italy |
| Republic | system of government in which officials are chosen by the people |
| Patrician | member of the landholding upper class |
| Consul | official from the patrician class who supervised the government and commanded the armies |
| Dictator | a leader appointed to rule for six months in times of emergency |
| Plebeian | member of the lower class, including farmers, merchants, artisans, and traders |
| Tribunes | official who was elected by the plebeians to protect their interests |
| Veto | block a government action |
| Legion | basic unit of the ancient Roman army, made up of about 5,000 soldiers |
| Punic Wars | three wars; first war: Rome defeated Carthage in Sicily, Corsica, and Sardinia second war in 218 B.C.: Carthaginian general Hannibal led third war: Rome defeated Carthage |
| Imperialism | establishing control over foreign lands and people |
| Latifundia | wealthy families bought up huge farming estates |
| Tiberius Gracchus | elected tribune in 133 B.C., called the state to distribute land to poor farmers (reforms) |
| Gaius Gracchus | elected tribune 143 B.C., sought a wider range of reforms: the use of pubic funds to buy grain to feed the poor |
| Julius Caesar | an ambitious military commander, became emperor and was killed by the senate |
| Augustus | means Exalted Ones; real name Octavian; grandnephew of Julius Caesar and declared him princeps, or first citizen |
| Census | population count |
| Hadrian | a good emperor who codified roman law, making it the same for all provinces; had wall build across Britain to hold back attacks |
| Marcus Aurelius | good emperor, philosopher |
| Pax Romana (Roman Peace) | a 200 year span of peace between Augustus and the end with Marcus Aurelius |
| Greco-Roman | the blend of Greek, Hellenistic, and Roman |
| Virgil | wrote epic poem the Aeneid |
| Satirize | to make fun of Roman society |
| Mosaics | a picture made from chips of colored stone or glass |
| Engineering | which is the application of science and mathematics to develop useful structures and machines. |
| Aqueducts | a bridge like stone structures that carried water from the hills into Roman cities |
| Ptolemy | an astronomer-mathematician |
| Roman law | an accused person was presumed innocent until proven guilty; allow to face the accuser and offer a defense against the charge; guilt had to be establish "clearer than Daylight" using solid evidence |
| Messiah | savior sent by God |
| Apostle | leader or teacher of a new faith or movement; in Greek it means "a person sent forth." |
| Paul | a Jew from Asia Minor, played the most influential role in spreading Christianity |
| Martyr | person who suffers of dies for his or her beliefs |
| Constantine | emperor; issued the Edict of Milan |
| Edict of Milan | it granted freedom of worship to all citizens of the Roman Empire |
| Emperor Theodosius | made Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire and repressed the practice of other faiths |
| Clergy | the body of people who conduct Christian services |
| Bishop | high-ranking Church official with authority over local area, or diocese |
| Patriarch | highest church official in a major city |
| Pope | head of the Roman Catholic Church; in ancient Rome, bishop of Rome who claimed authority over all other bishops |
| Heresy | religious belief that is contrary to the official teachings of a church |
| Augustine | greatest of the early Church scholars; bishop of Hippo in North Africa; combined Christian doctrine with Greco-Roman learning |
| Emperor Diocletian | divided the Roman Empire into two parts; he controlled the wealthier eastern part and the west was controlled by Maximian |
| Inflation | economic cycle that involves a rapid rise in prices linked to a sharp increase in the amount of money available |
| Constantinople | the capital of the eastern Roman Empire |
| Huns | a nomadic people of central Asia |
| Mercenary | soldier serving in a foreign army for pay |
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15_ILiuzza
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