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H2 1 Reconstruction

QuestionAnswer
Reconstruction- the process of reestablishing and rebuilding the seceded states after the Civil War
pardon- an official release from penalty after violating a law; ex. ex-Confederate who fought U.S. p.4
Radical Republicans- a group of Republicans who wanted freed slaves to gain the right to vote and be able to own property
black codes- laws that limited the rights of freed African Americans. Became unconstitutional with passage of 14th Amendment. p. 9
impeach- to charge an elected official with a crime
civil rights- rights guaranteed to a person by law
sharecropper- tenant farmer who rented land for a share of the crops.Most EMPLOYMENT open to slaves was working on plantations like before. Often difficult, if not impossible to leave p.8
lynch law- putting someone to death, usually by hanging, without a legal trial
Jim Crow- The term for laws enacted in the South after Reconstruction that discriminated against African Americans. Most importantly, most Blks. lost voting rights and equal accommodation rights. Took almost 100 years to get them back. p.10
popular vote- the majority vote of the people
discriminated- to distinguish a group of people based on race or ethnicity
electoral vote- the majority vote of delegates to the electoral college
segregation- the separation of people based on race
rebuilding process after civil was
Lincoln Reconstruction Plan 1. if oath to U.S. given, ex-Confederates pardoned. 2. Officers & govt. officials not pardoned. 3. when 10% of a state pop. took oath, could develop new st. constitution & elect officials p.4
Wade-Douglas Bill of 1864 Reconstruction plan of Republican Congress.1. Required oath of allegiance of 50% of each Conf. state voters,2. Protected rights of former slaves. Bill vetoed by Lincoln
Assassination of Lincoln, 1865 Killed at Ford's Theater by John Wilkes Booth; gunshot . Greatly mourned.
Andrew Johnson,1865 Vice-President. Became pres. after Lincoln killed p.6
Johnson Reconstruction Plan 1. Most formal Rebels pardoned after oath to U.S. 2. High officials and military also had to ask President for pardon 3. States had to write new constitution 4. States must repeal secession laws & not pay Confed. debts owed 5. States must ratify 15th Amen
Glaring Omission in all Reconstruction Plans NO mention of African-American rights and the need to protect them p.6
Elizabeth Keckley Ex-slave who became seamstress and friend to Mary Todd Lincoln,wife of Pres. First person account p.6
Details of Slave Code. Blacks could not: serve on juries; own guns; gather in groups after dark; They could: only do certain jobs; could be arrested if couldn't prove employment; had to sigh yearly labor contract p.7
Civil Right Act of 1866 Vetoed by Pres. Johnson; overridden by Congress. Meant to guarantee equal PROTECTION & VOTING RIGHT OF BLKS.
14th Amendment to U.S. Constitution, 1866 Constitutional amendment meant to guarantee civil rights of Blks, and voting rights of Blk. men p.7
Radical Plan, 1867 Military presence in 5 districts; Blk. males allowed full voting rights; all states must ratify 14th Amendment. Pres. Johnson fought plan p.7 Congress tried to impeach him; Failed p.8
Freedman's Bureau, 1866 Office set up to provide food, clothing ,medical care, and EMPLOYMENT for former slaves. Also built schools. P.8
13th Amendment, Dec. 1865 Abolished slavery
15th Amendment, Feb. 1870 Forbid states from keeping any male citizen from voting, including former slaves. CONSISTENTLY VIOLATED! p. 8
Violence Systematic legal, non-legal, and socially accepted force meant to keep Blks. "in their place" and whites in power.
Ku Klux Klan Men organized in semi-secret groups who used violence to limit rights and make Blks accept Southern social order. Lynching often used.
Blacks and Republicans Blks. biggest supporters of Republicans in South. As Blks. were scared into not voting, Democrats took control of Southern states & kept it until 1960s. p.9
Compromise of 1877, Pres. Rutherford B. Hayes Economy was bad. People tired of worrying about Blk. rights. Hayes barely elected Pres. Removed last of Federal troops from South. Reconstruction was over. p.9
Ida B. Wells Early newspaper woman, fighter for Blk. rights, and women's rights. Campaigned against lynching. p. 10
Plessy v. Ferguson U. S. Supreme Court upholding of laws, mainly in affect in South, saying that it is NOT a violation of constitutional rights if a state chooses to have "separate but equal" facilities (schools, drinking fountains, seats in movies,etc) for Blks. & whites.
Created by: familystudy22
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