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Revolutions
Definitions from American, French & Irish Revolution
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Enlightenment Writers | People who argued that the rule came not from God but from the people. |
| Two countries that controlled America in 1765 | Spain and Britain |
| Revolution | The overthrow of a government |
| Rebellion | An organised attempt to overthrow a ruler or government |
| Colony | A territory controlled by another country that is usually far away |
| Two groups of Americans that were treated very badly in the colonies | Slaves and the Native Indians |
| Stamp Act | A tax an official documents. e.g. Wills |
| 'No Taxation without Representation' | The Americans did not have any representatives in British parliament and felt it was not right to tax |
| Townshend Act | A tax/duty on goods such as glass & tea imported into America |
| Patriots | Those who felt that the Americans should control their own affairs |
| Boston Massacre | British soldiers retaliating for a mob attack |
| Boston Tea Party | Overthrowing tea that came into the harbour in response to a tax still on tea |
| First Continental Congress | A meeting of twelve out of thirteen colonies that showed the colonies could work together. |
| Minutemen | Volunteer soldiers (militias) that were prepared to take action at a minute's notice |
| Battle of Lexington | First shots were fired |
| Loyalists or Tories | Those who remained loyal to the King |
| Battle of Bunker Hill | Washington's first victory |
| Thomas Paine | Author of Common Sense, an attack on King George III and a call for complete independence |
| Thomas Jefferson | Wrote the Declaration of Independence |
| 4th July 1776 | Birth of U.S.A. (Independence Day) |
| Trenton | A surprise attack on the British, Christmas Day 1776 |
| Saratoga | General Gates (with the help of the French) forced the British army to surrender - turning point of the war |
| Yorktown | General Cornwallis surrendered and Americans had won - October 1781 |
| Treaty of Versailles | Recognition of the U.S.A. as an independent country |
| Democracy | People electing a government |
| Constitution | A document that sets out how a country is run |
| Federal System | Where each state would have control over their matters such as business and education |
| House of Congress | The part of the government that passes the laws |
| Why did the British decide to tax the colonies? | To get the Americans to pay for the costs incurred from the French Indian War |
| What was the Boston Massacre? | British soldiers opened fire after being attack by an American mob |
| Why did the Boston Tea Party happen? | The Americans were still unhappy that cheap tea was still being taxed |
| Why did Congress choose George Washington as commander-in-chief? | Due to his bravery, judgement and common sense |
| How did George Washington show good leadership at Trenton 1776? | He launched an attack on the British and caught them completely by surprise |
| Why was the Battle of Saratoga the turning point in the war? | Led by General Gates they forced a large British army to surrender |
| First Estate | The Clergy |
| Second Estate | The Nobles |
| Third Estate | Remaining 95% of the population. made up of commoners and bourgeoisie |
| Why did the nobles force the king to call and Estates General? | The nobles did not want to give the king more money |
| Tennis Court Oath | The Third Estate swore they would continue to meet in an indoor tennis court until their demands were met |
| Slogan of the French Revolution | Liberty, Equality, Fraternity |
| Jacobins | Robespierre's political party |
| Why was the Civil Constitution of the Clergy introduced? | Most revolutionaries disliked the Catholic Church because it supported the kings and nobles |
| Law of Suspects | A Revolutionary Tribunal that tried anyone suspected of treason |
| Why did members of the Convention turn against Robespierre? | They feared they might be next for execution |
| Protestant Ascendancy | Wealthy families dominating Parliament |
| Penal Laws | Laws passed against Catholics to stop them becoming powerful |
| An Argument on Behalf of the Catholics in Ireland | Wolfe Tone's Pamphlet, written in 1791 |
| Who set up the United Irishmen? | Wolfe Tone, William Drennan, Henry Joy McCracken and Thomas Russell. James Napper Tandy (Dublin branch) |
| In which counties did the rebellion begin? | Kildare, Meath and Carlow |
| Why did the rebellion break out in Wexford? | Terrified by reports of massacres in Wicklow and anger at the government's use of terror |
| How was the rebellion defeated in Wexford? | British superior weaponry |
Created by:
NoogalD
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