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USH Great Depression
Great Depression & New Deal
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Republican candidate who won the election of 1928; he would be president during beginning of Depression | HERBERT HOOVER |
| reason why Republicans won election; 1920s was a time of economic boom and optimism | PROSPERITY |
| Democratic candidate for 1928 Presidential election; first Roman Catholic to be nominated for President | ALFRED E. SMITH |
| system for buying and selling of stocks (also known as Wall Street) | STOCK MARKET |
| a period of rising stock prices | BULL MARKET |
| buying stock on credit | BUYING ON MARGIN |
| stockbrokers demand investors repay the loans used to purchase stock; usually occurs when stock prices begin to fall | MARGIN CALL |
| date when stock market crashed; more than 16 million shares were sold; happens when people lose confidence | BLACK TUESDAY |
| depositors fear they will lose their money deposited in the bank and attempt to withdraw it | RUN ON BANK |
| WHAT IS THE EFFECT OF A RUN ON A BANK? | CAUSES BANK TO FAIL or COLLAPSE (CLOSE/GO OUT OF BUSINESS); depositors lose their money |
| WHAT WERE THE CAUSES OF THE GREAT DEPRESSION? | overproduction, underconsumption of agricultural products; easy credit;uneven distribution of wealth |
| this raised prices on foreign imports; led European countries to put tariffs on American imports | HAWLEY SMOOT TARIFF |
| WHAT MISTAKE DID THE FEDERAL RESERVE MAKE THAT WORSENED THE DEPRESSION? | LOWERED THE INTEREST RATE |
| WHAT WERE SOME OF THE EFFECTS OF THE GREAT DEPRESSION? | BANKS & BUSINESSES FAILED; UNEMPLOYMENT REACHED 25%; PERSONAL INCOME SHRANK |
| MAKESHIFT SHANTYTOWNS OF HOMELESS PEOPLE DURING THE GREAT DEPRESSION | HOOVERVILLES |
| HOMELESS AMERICANS WHO WANDERED LOOKING FOR WORK; OFTEN "RODE THE RAILS" HITCHING RIDES ON RR CARS | HOBOS |
| REGION OF US THAT WAS RESULT OF OVERCULTIVATION AND DROUGHT; HAPPENED IN THE MIDST OF DEPRESSION | DUST BOWL |
| WHAT WERE THE CAUSES OF THE DUST BOWL? | OVERCULTIVATION, DROUGHT, DUST STORMS |
| WHAT WERE THE EFFECTS OF THE DUST BOWL? | FARMERS LOST EVERYTHING; MANY MIGRATED TO THE WEST (CALIFORNIA) IN SEARCH OF WORK AND A BETTER LIFE |
| DUST BOWL REFUGEES | OKIES |
| STEINBECK'S STORY OF THE JOAD'S MIGRATION DURING THE DUST BOWL | GRAPES OF WRATH |
| GOVERNMENT FINANCED BUILDING PROJECTS (BRIDGES, ROADWAYS, PARKS) | PUBLIC WORKS |
| GOVERNMENT SPENDS MORE THAN IT COLLECTS; USED TO STIMULATE ECONOMY | DEFICIT SPENDING |
| GOVERNMENT MONEY THAT WENT DIRECTLY TO VERY POOR FAMILIES | RELIEF |
| WWI VETERANS WHO MARCHED ON WASHINGTON SEEKING THE $1000 BONUS CONGRESS HAD PROMISED THEM | BONUS ARMY |
| GAVE PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT BROAD POWERS, INCLUDING POWER TO DECLARE 4 DAY BANK "HOLIDAY"; USED TO STOP RUNS ON BANKS | EMERGENCY BANKING BILL |
| ROOSEVELT FIRST DAYS IN OFFICE; BEGINS FIRST "NEW DEAL" (MARCH 9-JUNE 16, 1933) | THE HUNDRED DAYS |
| PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT'S FIRST THREE GOALS FOR RELIEVING EFFECTS OF GREAT DEPRESSION | RELIEF, RECOVERY, REFORM |
| ROOSEVELT'S INFORMAL RADIO SPEECHES, USED TO CALM THE AMERICAN PUBLIC | FIRESIDE CHAT |
| ESTABLISHED BY CONGRESS TO REGULATE THE STOCK MARKET AND PREVENT FRAUD | SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION |
| SEPARATED COMMERCIAL BANKING FROM INVESTMENT BANKING; DEPOSITS COULD NO LONGER BE USED FOR STOCK SPECULATION; ALSO CREATED FDIC (INSURES DEPOSITS) | GLASS-STEAGALL ACT |
| CREATED BY FDR TO PROVIDE JOBS IN THE NATIONAL FORESTRY SERVICE | CIVILIAN CONSERVATION CORP (CCC) |
| GOVERNMENT AGENCY RESPONSIBLE FOR PUBLIC WORKS PROGRAMS IN TENNESSEE VALLEY (BUILT DAMS, REPLANTED FORESTS, ETC) | TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY (TVA) |
| CONGRESSIONAL ACT THAT GAVE FEDERAL MONEY TO STATE AND LOCAL AGENCIES TO FUND RELIEF PROGRAMS | FEDERAL EMERGENCY RELIEF ADMINISTRATION (FERA) |
| FEDERAL AGENCY THAT BUILT BRIDGES, DAMS, POWER PLANTS, GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS | PUBLIC WORKS ADMINISTRATION (PWA) |
| GOVERNMENT AGENCY THAT DIRECTLY HIRED WORKERS AND PUT THEM ON GOVERNMENT PAYROLL - WAS SHUT DOWN | CIVIL WORKS ADMINISTRATION (CWA) |
| MOST IMPORTANT ASPECT OF ROOSEVELT'S NEW DEAL | CONFIDENCE OF AMERICAN PEOPLE |
| GOVERNMENT SPENDS MORE THAN IT COLLECTS IN TAXES; CAUSE OF GOVERNMENT DEBT | DEFICIT SPENDING |
| SPENDING = INCOME | BALANCED BUDGET |
| ROOSEVELT'S PLAN TO PROVIDE FOR THE ELDERLY, POOR, UNEMPLOYED, FARMERS AND TO PROTECT WORKERS' RIGHTS | SECOND NEW DEAL |
| GOVERNMENT AGENCY THAT HIRED WORKERS TO BUILD HIGHWAYS, DREDGE RIVERS, PROMOTE SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION; ALSO PROVIDED JOBS FOR ARTISTS, MUSICIANS, WRITERS | WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION (WPA) |
| CONGRESSIONAL ACT THAT RECOGNIZED THE RIGHT OF EMPLOYEES TO JOIN LABOR UNIONS AND CREATED THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD (NLRB) | WAGNER ACT |
| CONGRESSIONAL ACT THAT PROVIDED RETIREMENT BENEFITS, UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE, ACCIDENT INSURANCE - WORKERS PAID PREMIUMS FOR THIS | SOCIAL SECURITY ACT (SSA) |
| GOVERNMENT THAT PROVIDES FOR WELFARE OF CHILDREN, ELDERLY, SICK, DISABLED, POOR, UNEMPLOYED | WELFARE STATE |
| ENVIRONMENTAL REFORMS | RESTORING FORESTS, PRESERVING ENVIRONMENT, SOIL CONSERVATION, NATIONAL PARKS |
| AUTHOR OF THE GRAPES OF WRATH | STEINBECK |
| REASON PEOPLE OF THE GREAT DEPRESSION WENT TO THE MOVIES; SOUGHT RELIEF FROM WORRIES | ESCAPISM |
| ONE OF THE FAVORITE MOVIES OF GREAT DEPRESSION; FARM GIRL SINGS OF BETTER TIMES | WIZARD OF OZ |
| DIRECTOR OF FILMS, SUCH AS MR SMITH GOES TO WASHINGTON; EVERYDAY PEOPLE STRUGGLING WITH HARDSHIPS | FRANK CAPRA |
| MERCURY THEATER BROADCAST THAT WAS PERCEIVED AS REAL; PEOPLE THOUGHT MARTIANS WERE INVADING | WAR OF THE WORLDS |
| MOVIES OF THE GREAT DEPRESSION | SNOW WHITE, GONE WITH THE WIND |
| BIG BAND MUSIC OF THE GREAT DEPRESSION, PLAYED BY TOMMY DORSEY AND GLENN MILLER | SWING |
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