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OGT Social Studies
Vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| abolition | the act of doing away with something; such as the Abolitionist movement in the 19th century to eliminate slavery |
| absolute advantage | the ability of one country or company, using the same quantity of resources as another country or company, to produce a particular product at a lower absolute cost |
| absolute monarchy | a hereditary ruler controls all of the functions of government; for example, the czars of Russia |
| absolutism | a system of government in which a monarch is the only source of power |
| agrarian society | a society in which people make a living from farming |
| alliances | formal agreements among nations o cooperate and provide for their mutual defense |
| amendments | changes in or additions to a constitution or law |
| antitrust legislation | laws passed by federal and state governments to prevent new monopolies and break up existing ones |
| apartheid | a policy that keeps races separate, such as in South Africa until 1989 |
| appeasement | a policy of giving into an aggressor’s demands in order to keep the peace |
| assimilation | being absorbed into or adopting characteristics of another culture |
| bias | a perspective, preference, or inclination that inhibits impartial judgment |
| blacklist | a list of individuals or organizations that have incurred disapproval or suspicion or are to be boycotted or otherwise penalized; for example, suspected communists in the U.S. during the early 1950s |
| buying on margin | paying a fraction of the cost of an item; for example, the practice of buying stocks during the 1920s at a small fraction of their full price |
| capitalism | an economy in which private individuals own the means of production; a market economy |
| circular flow model | a diagram that shows the flow of economic activity among sectors of the economy |
| civil rights | a term used for acts of government that make constitutional guarantees a reality for all people |
| clear and present danger | a principle established by the Supreme Court that limits free speech if the words will bring about substantive evils |
| command economy | an economy in which all decisions on production and consumption are made by a central government |
| common good | an effort by individuals to work together for the benefit of all |
| communism | an economy in which all the means of production are controlled by the government; a command economy |
| comparative advantage | the ability to produce goods or services at a lower opportunity cost than other individuals or countries |
| conscientious objector | an individual who on the basis of religious or moral principles refuses to bear arms or serve in the military |
| constitutional monarchy | a hereditary ruler has limits on his or her power |
| containment | the post World War II policy of the US to limit communist expansion to areas already controlled by the Soviet Union |
| disarmament | the reduction of armed troops and weapons |
| enlightenment | a historical period in the 18th century in which science and reason was applied to question traditional thinking about the world; provided new thinking about government and people’s rights |
| exploitation | taking advantage of other people for selfish purposes |
| fascism | a form of totalitarianism in which a nation is ruled by a dictator |
| federal reserve system | a national banking system, created in 1913, that controls the US money supply and the availability of credit |
| free enterprise | individuals make economic decisions in market economy |
| genocide | the attempt to destroy a religious or ethnic group |
| gross domestic product | the value of all final goods and services produced within a country’s borders in a given year |
| indigenous language | the native language of a people in an area |
| industrial society | a society in which people make their living form the production of goods |
| informational society | a society in which people make their living form communications and providing related service |
| libel | false and malicious use of printed words that damage a person’s reputation |
| logical fallacies | statements or arguments based on a false or invalid inference |
| market economy | an economy in which decisions on production and consumption are made by individuals acting as buyers and sellers |
| mccarthyism | the attacks, often unsubstantiated, by senator joseph mccarthy and others on people suspected of being communists during the early 1950s |
| opportunity cost | the value of the next best alternative given up when a choice is made |
| protectionism | efforts to restrict imports in order to protect domestic industries |
| reparations | payments for war damage |
| slander | the false and malicious use of spoken words that damage a person’s reputation |
| socialism | an economy in which the government controls the major means of production; a mixed economy |
| theocracy | a system of government headed by one or more religious leaders who claim to rule by divine authority |
| topography | graphic representation of the surface features of a place or region on a map |
| traditional economy | an economy in which decisions on production and consumption are based upon customs, beliefs, rituals, and habits |
| unstated assumptions | supporting ideas that are not explicitly presented in a source |
Created by:
srushing
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