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Histo 1 test 2
NWHSU Histo 1 E2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Connective tissue is made up of... | Cells + Matrix |
| Matrix consists of.. | Fibers + Ground substance |
| Most common cells in CT | Fibroblasts which are found in the matrix |
| Ground substance is the diffusion medium of CT and is made up of... | A sugary protein---> GAG's and PG's (glycosominoglycones and protoglycans) |
| Ground substance has a very high affinity for ... | Water |
| The more sulfated GAG's in the ground substance the more.. | Rigid the tissue becomes--> SO4 hangs on to water tightly and water provides the diffusion medium |
| The most common fiber in CT is | Collagen |
| Type 1 Collagen: | Most common type, found in Skin, dermis, tendons, bone, ligaments fascia, fibrous cartilage etc. DOESNT BRANCH & THICKER |
| Type II Collagen: | Hyaline and elastic cartilage |
| Type III Collagen: | Reticular Fiber---> all characteristics of collagen but more, BRANCHING & THINNER, blood vessels, bone marrow, lymphoid tissue, smooth muscle nerves, lung etc |
| Type 4 Collagen: | Non-fibrous collagen of the basal lamina, basement membranes, external lamina |
| Parathyroid increases blood _________ lvls by increasing osteoclastic activity | Blood calcium lvls |
| What types of tissue come from the Msenchyme? | Embryonic tissue/cells, All myocardium, smooth muscle, endothelium, mesothelium, synovial bursas, blood etc |
| Does mesenchyme have leptochromatic or pachychromatic nucleus? | Leptochromatic Nucleus |
| Most Common CT is? | Loost CT-----> 50/50 cell to matrix ratio |
| Does loose CT contain blood vessels? | Yes! Highly vascular |
| The majority cell in loose CT is the ... | Fibroblast |
| Where to fibroblasts come from? | The Mesenchyme |
| Can fibroblasts make a whole collagen molecule? | No. They synthesize the components of all parts of the matrix, but do not make the whole collagen fiber |
| What is the other cell readily found in loose CT that we talked about in class? | Macrophage |
| Where do macrophages come from? | The mesenchyme!! They start as hematopoietic stem cells--->to monocytes---->to macrophages |
| What are some primary functions of macrophages? | 1. Phagocytosis, 2. Recycling of iron from Hb catabolism, 3. Interferons, 4. Interleukins, 5. Clotting factor |
| Do macrophages originate in loose CT? | No, they are immigrant phagocytic cells in the CT |
| What is produced by the thyroid gland? | Calcitonin |
| What increases blood calcium lvls? | Parathyroid hormone |
| Calcitonin and parathyroid both regulate what in the blood? | calcium lvls |
| Osteoblasts are activated via ... | Calcitonin |
| Calcitonin is Vit______ dependent | Vitamin D |
| Calcitonin and parathyroid are both produced by what kind of gland? | Endocrine gland |
| Neurogenic inflammation mechanism is the most predominent T or F? | T |
| How does neurogenic inflammation work? | Irritator--->nociceptor (c-fiber)--->substance P--->inflammatory response |
| what does substance P release? | Arachadonic acid and heparin (fast response) |
| Dense irregular CT is made up of what? | Collagen fibers and fibroblasts |
| Does dense irregular CT have more vasculature then Loose CT? | No! it has less |
| Examples of dense irregular CT.. | Fascia, dermis, epimysium, perimysium |
| Dense irregular CT has the most cells out of the CT proper group T or F? | False! it has the least ammount of cells and almost no vasculature compared to loose CT |
| What is cross fiber friction? | How you loosen muscle fibers if too tight |
| How long does it take to make a collagen fiber/ | 72 hours |
| Plasma comprises what % of the blood? | 55% |
| Plasma makes up 55% of the blood.. Out of that 55% how much is water? | 90% |
| Where is albumin produced/ | Liver |
| What does albumin do? | 1. Maintains colloid osmotic pressure 2. Binds and transports fatty acids from adipose cells 3. Important free radical scavenger 4. Anticoagulant and antithrombotic eeffect |
| What are the three globulin groups in the plasma? | Alpha, Beta, Gamma |
| Alpha and beta globulins function as.. | Transport molecules, clotting factors and inactive precursor molecules, produced by the liver |
| What is another name for gamma globulins? | Alpha-1 & alpha-2 |
| alpha-2 consists of several substances. What substance helps carry heme or hemoglobin to cells where they can be broken down? | Haptoglobin |
| alpha-1 incules.. | Antitrypsin and thyroxin binding globulin |
| alpha-2 also has a substance that carries what vitamin to the liver? | Vit D |
| what are two other substances alpha-2 contains? | HDL---> to liver for excretion by gallbladder, Angiotensinogen--->activated in the kidney to regulate Na+reuptake |
Created by:
Jtanko23
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