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Chapter 13 Vocab-S.S
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Jedediah Smith | A daring fur trapper and mountain man who publicized South Pass. |
| Mountain Men | A fur trapper or explorer who opened up the West by finding the best trails through the Rocky Mountains. |
| Jim Beckwourth | A mountain man who became famous as a rugged loner. |
| Land Speculator | A person who buys huge areas of land for a low price and then sells off small sections of it at high prices. |
| Santa Fe Trail | A trail that began in Missouri and ended in Santa Fe, New Mexico. |
| Oregon Trail | A trail that ran westward from Independence, Missouri, to the Oregon Territory. |
| Mormon | A member of a church founded by Joseph Smith in 1830. |
| Brigham Young | The next Mormon leader after Joseph Smith's assassination who moved his people to Utah. |
| Stephen Austin | Moses Austin's son who carried out his father's dreams of founding a colony for Americans in Spanish Texas. |
| Tejano | A person of Spanish heritage who considered Texas his or her home. |
| Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna | A general and the Mexican president. |
| Sam Houston | The only man with military experience at the meeting at Washington-on-the-Brazos who was placed in command of the Texas army. |
| William Travis | He led a small force against Santa Anna at the Alamo. |
| Juan Seguin | He led a band of 25 Tejanos in the revolt against Santa Anna. |
| Battle of the Alamo | In 1836, Texans defended a church called the Alamo against the Mexican army; all but five Texans were killed. |
| Lone Star Republic | The nickname of the republic of Texas, given in 1836. |
| James K. Polk | The eleventh president of the United States who was committed to national expansion. |
| Manifest Destiny | The belief that the United States was to stretch across the continent from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. |
| Zachary Taylor | A general who was ordered to station troops on the northern bank of the Rio Grande which was a disputed territory between the U.S. and Mexico. |
| Bear Flag Revolt | The 1846 rebellion by Americans against Mexican rule in California. |
| Winfield Scott | A U.S. general who captured Mexico City. |
| Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo | The 1848 treaty ending the U.S. war with Mexico; Mexico ceded nearly one-half of its land to the United States. |
| Mexican Cession | A vast region given up by Mexico after the War with Mexico; it included the present-day states of California, Nevada, Utah, most of Arizona, parts of New Mexico, Colorado, and Wyoming. |
| Forty-Niner | A person who went to California to find gold, starting in 1849. |
| Californio | A settler of Spanish or Mexican descent in California. |
| Mariano Vallejo | An important Californio who had been the commander of Northern California when it belonged to Mexico. |
| John Sutter | A Swiss immigrant who persuaded the Mexican governor of 1839 to grant him 50,000 acres of land to create his own personal agricultural empire on. |
| James Marshall | A carpenter sent to build a sawmill on the nearby American river who discovered the first nuggets of gold that would lead to the California Gold Rush. |
| California Gold Rush | In 1849, large numbers of people moved to California because gold had been discovered there. |
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