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Unit 1-first half
first half of unit one's history terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Old World | Eastern Hemisphere-Europe, Asia, and Africa |
| New World | Western Hemisphere-Americas (North, Central, South) |
| Christopher Colombus | Genoese sailor in 1492 discovered Americas |
| Colombian Exchange | global transfer of living things between E and W Hemisphere |
| Jamestown | Virginia, 1607, first permanent English settlement in North America |
| Puritans/Pilgrims | church members who wanted to “purify” or reform the Church Of England |
| Quakers | peaceful pacifists, dressed plainly, harassed for their radical views |
| Plantation Agriculture | hired labor, concentrated ownership of land with production down by one family |
| Indentured Servitude | labor done under contract for a specific amount of time in exchange for food, supplies, or a passage to a new country |
| Slavery | under control of another, harsh conditions |
| Salutary Neglect | England relaxed enforcement of laws in exchange for colonist loyalty |
| Sons Of Liberty | tried to stop Stamp Act and opposed British oppression by any means including violence |
| Boston Massacre | helped spark the American Revolution. Tensions caused by the military occupation of Boston increased as soldiers fired into a crowd of civilians. John Adams quoted that on the night of the Boston Massacre, the foundation of America was laid. |
| Boston Tea Party | raid on British ships carrying tea by a group of Boston residents dressed as Mohawk Indians protesting the tea tax that resulted in the throwing of 342 containers of tea into the harbor |
| Lexington | town in eastern Massachusetts near Boston where the first battle of the American Revolution was fought |
| Concord | capital of the state of New Hampshire; |
| Battle of Lexington and Concord | on April 19, 1775 was the first battle of the American Revolutionary War and was described as "the shot heard round the world" |
| Militia | group of civilians trained as soldiers who serve full time only in emergencies |
| Continental Army | unified command structure of the thirteen colonies fighting Great Britain during the American Revolutionary War. regular army, recruits who signed up for an extended period of time |
| Continental Congress | the legislative assembly composed of delegates from the rebel colonies who met during and after the American Revolution; they issued the Declaration of Independence and framed Articles of Confederation |
| Patriot/Whig | Patriots (also known as Whigs) were British North American colonists who rebelled against the Crown during the American Revolution and established the independent states that became the United States of America. |
| Lyalist/Tory | a Tory (person who remained loyal to England during the Revolutionary War) who later moved to Canada or to another British possession |
| George Washington | 1st President under the Constitution of the US of America and is recognized by Americans as "The Father of our Country." |
| Common Sense | Its pages contained a denouncement of opposing British rule |
| Thomas Paine | American Revolutionary leader and pamphleteer who supported the American colonist's fight for independence and supported the French Revolution |
| Declaration of Independence | A document that states the reasons the thirteen American colonies wanted to be free of Great Britain's government./ |
| Thomas Jefferson | 3rd President of the United States; chief drafter of the Declaration of Independence; made the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 and sent out the Lewis and Clark Expedition to explore it |
| Franco American Alliance | France assists America b/c of a treaty they signed and helped it gain its independence and also led to the victory of Yorktown |
| Battle of Yorktown | victory by a combined American and French force over a British army commanded by General Lord Charles Cornwallis. The surrender of Cornwallis' army caused the British government to negotiate an end to the American Revolutionary War |
| Treaty of Paris 1783 | established US independence from Britain and set boundaries for new nation |
| Benjamin Franklin | printer whose success as an author led him to take up politics; he helped draw up the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution; he played a major role in the American Revolution and negotiated French support for the colonists; |
| Articles of Confederation | first constitution of the United States (1781). Created a weak national government; replaced in 1789 by the Constitution of the United States. |
| US Constitution | official document that is the basis of government and law in the US. It was written in 1787, and ratified in 1789. Many amendments have been added since then. |
| Federalists | Advocates of a strong federal government and supporters of the adoption of the US Constitution. |
| Anti-Federalist | did not support ratification of the constitution and wanted more power for the people |
| Ratification Debate | many papers writing about controversy |
| Bill Of Rights | first 10 amendments to the US Constitution. The Bill of Rights was proposed to ensure that individuals would have civil rights and could avoid the tyranny of an overly-powerful central government. |
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