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His. terms; Test 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| was Russia wanting to extend its influence over the Ottoman Empire. | Crimean War (1853-1856) |
| "reorganization" period of the Ottoman Empire | Tanzimat |
| group of reformist officers; decided to ally the empire with the Central Powers. | Young Turks |
| prime minister of Piedmont | Cavour |
| NW Italy; went to war with Austria | Piedmont |
| Romantic Republican who campaigned for Italian unification; accepted Piedmont troops | Garibaldi |
| when Victor Emmanuel II was declared king of Italy | 1861 |
| under Bismark's leadership and with the strong support of its royal house, Prussia used diplomatic/military means to unify Germany. | German Confederation |
| made himself king of Prussia | William I |
| Prussian pragmatist prime minister; put more trust in power and action than in ideas. | Bismark |
| ? | Danish War |
| led to the decisive defeat of Austria; it established Prussia as the only major power among the German states. | Austro-Prussian War: Seven Weeks' War |
| Prussia coaxed France into declaring war; France lost | Franco-Prussian War, (1870-1871) |
| municipal government of France; intended to administer Paris separately from the rest of France. | Paris Commune |
| National Assembly backed into a republican form of government against its will; | Third Republic |
| greatest trauma of the 3rd Republic; found a Frenchman guilty of passing secret info to the Germans; it wasn't true but by then Dreyfus had been exiled. | Dreyfus Affair |
| wrote a newpaper article contending the whole Dreyfus Affair | Zola |
| the newpaper article written by Zola | J'accuse |
| emperor of Hapsburg | Francis Joseph |
| created a federation among the states and provinces of the Hapsburg Empire. | October Diploma |
| also called the Compromise of 1867; transformed the Hapsburg Empire into a dual monarchy known as Austria-Hungary. | Ausgleich, 1867 |
| Russian tzar; made reforms a big deal | Alexander II |
| Alexander II abolished slavery in Russia | abolition of serfdom in Russia, 1861 |
| Russian tzar; not very good for Russia; mainly wanted to turn back his father's reforms | Alexander III |
| amendments accepted by the House of Commons; one being expansion of who could vote; it was a step toward democracy for Britain | Second Reform Act, 1867 |
| led the British House of Commons | Disraeli |
| new prime minister of Great Britain | Gladstone |
| established voting by secret ballot in Great Britain | Ballot Act of 1872 |
| government of a country or locality by its own citizens. | Irish Question: home rule |
| leader of the Irish movement for a just land settlement and for home rule. | Parnell |
| curbed the power of the Lords in Great Britain | House of Lords Act of 1911 |
| French; his belief was positivism (all knowledge is common to physical sciences). | Comte |
| wrote "On the Origin of Species" in 1859*; natural selection | Darwin |
| Darwin's theory that only the fittest species would survive | Natural selection |
| British; most famous advocate of evolution; Social Darwinism | Spencer |
| said best(fittest)society would survive | social Darwinism |
| agreed with Darwinism, but NOT social Darwinism | Huxley |
| attacked Christianity; wrote "The Life of Jesus":Bible doesn't show historical evidence of Jesus | Strauss |
| attacked Christianity by saying that the Earth is much older than Biblical records contend. | Lyell |
| "cultural struggle"; church-state conflict started by Bismark in Germany; in response to perceived threat by Roman Catholic Church | Kulturkampf |
| called together the Frist Vatican Council in 1869**;believed in papal infallibility (pope is always right in faith and morals) | Pius IX |
| Rerum Novarum: defended private prop.,religious edu., and marriage laws. Was big on protection for workers | Leo XIII |
| discovered X-rays | Roentgen |
| explained the course of radiation | Rutherford |
| discovered the radium; awarded Nobel Prize in Chemistry | Marie Curie |
| quantum theory of energy | Planck |
| papers on relativity: time and space are a combined continuum. | Einstein |
| presenting life as it is. | Realism |
| examine what makes life as it is; portray w/o sentimentality. | Naturalism |
| reshape life as you want it; criticize morality and middle class. | Modernism |
| focus on social life and activities of middle and lower classes. | Impressionism |
| Monet, Renoir | Impressionism artists |
| focus on form and structure to focus on artistic traditions. | Post-impressionism |
| Cezanne, van Gogh | Post-impressionism artists |
| reduces things to geometric shapes | Cubism |
| Picasso | Cubism artist |
| German philosopher; wanted to probe sources in human life. | Nietzche |
| Austrian Jewish psychoanalysis founder; id, superego,and ego. | Freud |
| drives for sexual gratification or pleasure. | id |
| moral imperatives that culture/society impose on personality. | superego |
| mediates b/t impulsive id and self-denying superego. | ego |
| belief that some people are more superior than others. | Racism |
| French diplomat; thought the white Aryan race had intermarried with inferior races. | Gobineau |
| Englishman; viewed Jews as a major enemy of Europeans. | Chamberlain |
| Herzl's belief that Jews should have their own homeland. | Zionism |
Created by:
cgurg908
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