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Digestive System
Embryology Exam 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What forms the primitive gut? | tube of endoderm |
| When and how is the primitive gut formed? | Formed week 4 by lateral, cranial and caudal folding |
| What are the 4 divisions of the primitive gut? "Please Forgive My House" | Pharynx, Foregut, Midgut, Hindgut |
| The Pharynx of the primitive gut is located where? | Buccopharyngeal membrane to tracheobronchial diverticulum |
| The Foregut of the primitive gut is located where? | Pharynx to entrance of bile duct into duodenum. |
| The Midgut of the primitive gut is located where? | From the Duodenum distal to entrance of the bile duct to proximal 2/3 of the transverse colon. |
| The Hindgut of the primitive gut is located where? | Distal 1/3 of the transverse colon to the cloacal membrane. |
| The endoderm is the germ layer for what? | Epithelial lining and glands of mucosa; parenchyma of digestive glands. |
| Splanchnic Mesoderm is the germ layer for what? | Supporting structures including muscular walls and peritoneum. |
| What is the Arterial Supply of the Foregut, Midgut, and Hindgut? | Foregut - celiac a. Midgut - superior mesenteric a. Hindgut - inferior mesenteric a. |
| What does the Primitive Foregut form? | Esophagus, Stomach, Duodenum, Liver, Gall bladder, and Pancreas. |
| What separates digestive and respiratory tubes in the esophagus? | Esophagotracheal septum |
| How is the muscular coat from mesoderm structured? | upper 2/3 striated and lower 1/3 smooth |
| What is are common anomalies of the esophagus and what do they result in? | Atresia - proximal portion ends in blind sac and Esophagotracheal fistula - distal portion connected to trachea; they result in Polyhydramnios |
| How does the Stomach rotate? | Longitudinal axis 90 degrees clockwise; original dorsal side of tube now on left. Anterior-posterior axis clockwise so original dorsal side now inferior and forms greater curvature |
| What is a common anomaly of the stomach? What causes it and does it cause? | Pyloric Stenosis - narrowing of pyloric lumen. Caused by hypertrophy of muscle layer. Causes obstruction of passing food and projectile vomiting after feeding |
| What forms the Duodenum? | Foregut (proximal to entrance of the bile duct) and Midgut |
| What causes the C-shape of the duodenum? | The rotation of the stomach |
| What happens to the Duodenum during the second month? | The lumen is obliterated and then recanalized |
| The connection of the Liver to the Foregut forms what? | Bile Duct |
| What does the ventral outgrowth of the bile duct form? | The Gall Bladder and cystic duct |
| The liver penetrates ______ (mesodermal plate between pericardial cavity and stalk of yolk sac) and expands | Septum Transversum |
Created by:
cfierro
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