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Part II Rad <>
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the unit of measurement for an x-ray tech's dosage? | REM, roentgen equivalent in man |
| What is the unit of measurement for an x-ray tech's dosage? | REM, roentgen equivalent in man |
| What does MPD stand for in radiology? | Maximal Permissible Dose |
| What does MPD stand for in radiology? | Maximal Permissible Dose |
| What does RAD stand for in radiology? | Roentgen absorbed dose |
| AKA for a primary "braking" radiation? | Bremstrahlung (85%) |
| What does RAD stand for in radiology? | Roentgen absorbed dose |
| AKA for a primary "collision" radiation? | Characteristic (15%) |
| AKA for a primary "braking" radiation? | Bremstrahlung (85%) |
| Name two types of secondary radiation. | Compton, Thompson |
| A 15% in KV will do what to density? | Double it. |
| Name two types of secondary radiation. | Compton, Thompson |
| A 15% in KV will do what to density? | Double it. |
| Icreased FFD does what to detail? | Decreases. |
| Associated small crystals with increased detail. | Decreases. |
| Small focal spot used for... | cervicals and extremities |
| Associated small crystals with increased detail. | |
| Associated heel effect with... | penumbra |
| Define line focus principle | Smaller the angle of target, smaller focal spot, more power. |
| Associated heel effect with... | penumbra |
| Grid ratio formula: | Height divided distance H/D |
| Define line focus principle | Smaller the angle of target, smaller focal spot, more power. |
| Number of watts in red lit developing? | 7 watts |
| Grid ratio formula: | Height divided distance H/D |
| What does recumbant film do to tissue? | Compressed it. |
| Number of watts in red lit developing? | 7 watts |
| A film has turned out yellow, what is the problem? | Developing solution is too old. |
| What does recumbant film do to tissue? | Compressed it. |
| If a film is not exposed, but developed, what will it look like? | Translucent. |
| A film has turned out yellow, what is the problem? | Developing solution is too old. |
| Law of Bergoine Tribondeau describes? What is highly effected? What is not highly effected? | Radiosensitivity.WBCs and sperm. Low radiosensitivity in nerves and ovaries. |
| What does Chamberlin's line indicate? Where is the measurement? | Basilar impression. Foramen magnum to hard palate. |
| What does MacGregor's line indicate? Where is the measurement? | Radiosensitivity.WBCs and sperm. Low radiosensitivity in nerves and ovaries. |
| What does Chamberlin's line indicate? Where is the measurement? | Basilar impression. Foramen magnum to hard palate. |
| What does MAC Gregor's line indicate? Where is the measurement? | Basilar invagination. Foramen magnum to occiput. |
| What does Martin's Basilar Angle indicate? Where is the measurement? | Platybasia or Arnold Chiari. An inverted V from nsaum to sellica turcica, then down to foramen magnum. |
| Describe how to draw Jackson's stress lines and what they mean to the cervical curve. | Line posterior to C2 body and line posterior to C7. Evaluates cervical lordosis. |
| Describe McNabb's lines. What do they access? | Access facet imbrication. |
| Describe Salter harris Fxs 1-5 | 1. Just the plate. 2. plate plus metaphysis. 3. Plate plus epiphysis. 4. Metaphysis plus epiphysis. 5.compression |
| What side is the M/C presentation of scoliosis? | Right sided. |
| Describe protocol for degrees of scoliosis: 0-20, 20-40, 40+, 50+ | 0-20 adjust. 20-40 brace. 40+ surgery. 50+ breathing function compromised. |
| What is a Lovett + scoliosis? | Spinous rotates TOWARDS ConVEXITY. |
| What is a Lovett - scoliosis? | Spinous process rotates TOWARDS conCAVITY. |
| What does Kohler's angle indicate? Name 2 adult conditions which could cause this pathology. | acetabular protrusio. RA or paget's |
| What does Klein's line indicate? | SCFE |
| What's does Skinner's line measure for? | Paget's |
| What does a Boehler's angle less than 28 degrees indicate? | Calcaneal Fx. |
| Retropharyngeal space should be no less than how many mm? | 7 mm |
| Retrolaryngeal space should be no less than how many mm? | 14mm |
| Retrotracheal space should be no less than how many mm? | 22mm? |
| Normal adult ADI space in mm? | 1-3mm |
| Normal child ADI space in mm? | 3-5mm |
| Oblique Rule: POSO. ASOS. | IVF. Pars. SI joint. |
| Boxer's Fx? | 2nd, 3rd metacarpals. |
| Barroom Fx? | 4th, 5th metacarpals. |
| Gamekeeper's Fx? | avulsion of thumb. |
| What is the name for a radius fx that has gone posterior? | Collie's |
| What is the name for a radius fx that has gone anterior? | Smith's |
| Ulna fractured, radius dislocated: | Monteggia fx |
| Radius fractured, ulna dislocated: | Galeazzi's fx |
| C2 spinous fx AKA | Hangman's fx |
| Describe dens fxs 1-3. | 1. just the tip (stable). 2. Base of dens (unstable). 3. Into body (stable). |
| Mechanism of injury for a teardrop fx? | whiplash. |
| AKA for C7 spinous avulsion fx? | Clay shovelers. |
| M/C direction of talus dislocation? | Lateral. |
| M/C direction of lunate dislocation? | anterior. |
| M/C direction of shoulder dislocation? | AI |
| Location of Heberden's arthritis? | DIPS |
| Location of Bouchard's arthritis? | PIPS |
| Location of Haygarth's arthritis? | MCPS |
| Dysplastic spondylolisthesis | congenital |
| Isthmic spondylolistesis | pars defect |
| M/C location for any type of spondy | L5 |
| M/C location for a degenerative spondy | L4 |
| Meyerding's scale is used to grade? | Spondys |
| Ulman's line is used to diagnose? | Spondys |
| AKA for spina bifida | spondylochisis |
| Stair stepping gas bubbles in intestines: | paralytic ileus. |
| Name of sign when x ray soft tissue shows up same density as water? | silhouette sign |
| Midline abdominal calcification | pancreatic calculi |
| OVerall calcification of gall bladder: | porcelain gall baldder |
| subcutaneous calcification | scleroderma |
| More likely to show up on x ray: kidney stones or gall stones? | Kidney, they are usually calcium, gall stones are usually cholesterol. |
| Name the aspects of CREST syndrome. | Calcinosis, Raynaud's, Esophageal achlasia, Sclerodoerma, Telangiectasia |
| What is the T in CREST syndrome called when small blood vessels are dilated in eyes, nose, cheecks, chin? | Telangiectasia |
| Level of aortic bifuraction? | L2-4 |
| "Tearing deep abdominal pain associated with? | Aortic aneurysm. |
| Tracheal deviation; what causes ipsi deviation? What causes contra? | Ipsi = actelectasis. Contra = anything else |
| what is a pneumothorax? | Air in pleural space |
| What poison is associated with the term "black lung"? | Anthrax |
| What is the AKA for Paget's? | Osteitis deformans |
| Brim sign refers to? | Enlarged head and hat size associated with Paget's |
| What bllod lab is associated with Paget's? | Increased ALP |
| Location of Kummel's necrosis? | Vertebral body |
| Location of Panner's necrosis? | Elbow |
| Location of Keinbock's necrosis? | Lunate |
| Location of Preisser's necrosis? | Scaphoid |
| Location of Legg Calve Perthes necrosis? | Hip |
| Location of Blount's necrosis? | Medial tibial condyle |
| Location of Sever's necrosis? | Calcaneous |
| Location of Kohler's necrosis? | Tarsal-navicular |
| Location of Freiberg's necrosis? | Second metatarsal |
| What spinal condition of teen-aged males is associated with multiple schmoral's nodes? | Scheuerman's |
| In regards to bone infection; define sequestrum and involucrum. | Sequestrum is dead bone, involucrum is newly infected bone. |
| Rugger jersey spine associated with? | Hyperparathyroidism |
| Salt n Pepper skull associated with | Hyperparathyroidism |
| What are the 3 most common causes of pancake vertbrae in order? | Osteoporosis, metastisis, multiple myeloma |
| Rain drop skull is associated with what pathology? | Multiple myeloma |
| Punched out lesions are associated with what pathology? | Multiple myeloma |
| What is the main urine finding for multiple myeloma? | Bence jones Protenuira |
| M/C benign tumor in hand? | Endochondroma (Ollier's) |
| M/C benign tumor of spine? | hemangioma |
| Corduroy cloth sign is associated with what pathology? | Hemangioma |
| M/C area for primary malignancy? | Lung |
| M/C cause malignancy, period? | Metastasis |
| M/C primary bone malignancy? | multiple myeloma |
| M/C primary bone malignancy in a child? | Osteosarcoma |
| What special imaging is associated with Hounsfiel Units? | CT scan |
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