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Biochemistry 2 E3,4
Biochemistry 2 Palmer Exam 3 Vitamins
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| essential organic compounds required in very small amounts that are involved in fundamental functions of the body | vitamins |
| what is the active form of thiamine | thiamin pyrophosphate |
| what is the function of thiamine | oxidative decarboxylation |
| what is the active forms of riboflavin | -flavin adenine dinucleotide(FAD) -flavin mononucleotide(FMN) |
| what is the function of riboflavin | reversible electron acceptor/donor |
| what is the active forms of niacin | -nicatinomide adenine dinucleotide(NAD) -nicatinomide adenine dinucleotide(NADP) |
| what is the function of niacin | reversible electron acceptor/donor |
| NADPH is created by | pentose phosphate pathway |
| what is NADPH utilized for | -reductive biosynthesis -free radical elimination -detoxification -respiratory bursts |
| what is the active form of biotin | biocytin(biotinyllysine) |
| what is the function of biotin | coenzyme in carboxylation reactions |
| what is the active form of pantothenic acid | coenzyme A |
| what is the function of pantothenic acid | acyl or acetyl transfer reactions |
| what is the active form of folic acid | tetrahydrofolic acid (THF) |
| what is the function of folic acid | one carbon transfers |
| what is the enzyme for tetrahydrofolate | dihydrofolate reductase |
| what does tetrahydrofolate get its one carbon piece from | -histidine -glycine -serine |
| tetrahydrofolate transfers the carbons in the process of creating what | -amino acids -purines -thymidine(pyrimidines) |
| what is the active form of cobalamin | methylcobalamin |
| what is the function of cobalamin | one carbon transfers (methionine synthesis) |
| methylcobalamin give methyl group to make what | methionine |
| what is the active forms of vitamin B6 | -PMP -PLP -PNP |
| what is the function of vitamin B6 | transamination |
| B6 participates in many metabolic reactions of amino acids, what is it called when it transfers an amino group like ALT or AST | transamination |
| what is the reduced and oxidated active form of vitamin C | reduced=ascorbic acid oxidized=dehydroascorbic acid |
| what is the function of vitamin C | reversible electron acceptor/donor |
| process by which electronically excited molecules are inactivated | quenching |
| process by which antioxidant's reducing power is restored | regeneration |
| vitamin c may reduce | 1)hydroxyl radical 2)hydroperoxyl radical 3)superoxide radical 4)alkoxyl radical 5)peroxyl radical |
| vitamin c regenerates | 1)vit. E 2)glutathione 3)urate 4)ROS 5)RNS |
| G6P dehydrogenase can regenerate what | 1)vit. e 2)glutathione 3)urate 4)ROS 5)RNS |
| what enzyme makes NADPH | G6P dehydrogenase |
| what is the active form of vitamin E | -tocopherols -tocotrienols |
| what is the function of vitamin E | reversible electron acceptor/donor |
| what vitamin has the ability to -accept and donate electrons -quench free radicals -regenerate other antioxidants | vitamin E |
| what is the active form of vitamin A | B-carotene |
| what are the functions of vitamin A | 1)maintain vision 2)maintain reproductive function 3)promote growth 4)health and differentiation of epithelial tissue 5)antioxidant |
| what are the active forms of vitamin K | -menadione -phylloquinone -menaquinone-7 |
| what is the functions of vitamin K | -role in blood clotting -coenzyme(caboxylation of glutamate) |
| what vitamin works with vitamin K carboxylase | vitamin K |
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