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APUSH Chp 27-29
Prepare for ze Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Filibusters | Free-lance military expeditions |
| Sanford Dole | Owned fruit company in Hawaii |
| Reasons for expansionism | 1. Racial superiority 2. Military improvement 3. Christianization 4. Americans sought markets overseas 5. Yellow press whetted appetites for foreign adventures. |
| The Midway islands were used as | coaling stations. |
| *Mahan's essay | 1. Made U.S. realize it needed to build up its navy. 2. Made U.S. realize it needed to build a canal. |
| *Rough riders | Roosevelt's military unit. Wanted to fight in Cuba. Would have been obliterated if not for an African American cavalry unit |
| Gun Boat Diplomacy | The use of intimidation to achieve policy goals. |
| Richard Olney | Took the letter to Britain. The letter enforced the Monroe Doctrine and showed that the U.S. was ready to take a stand in its own hemisphere. |
| Lili'uokalani | Hawaiian queen who urged rights for Hawaiins. Overthrown by American sugar planters. |
| John L. Stevens | An American ambassador who rallied a revolt against Queen Lili'uokalani, forcing her off the thrown. |
| 1895 | Cubans rise up in revolt. They use nighttime guerrilla fighting. |
| Reconcentration Camps | Spanish put people who they thought were fighters in these harsh camps. |
| "Scorched Earth" Policy | Burn down land so Spain wouldn't want it anymore. |
| Valeriano "Butcher" Weyler | Spanish general who created reconcentration camps. |
| *De Lome Letter | A Spanish letter that was intercepted and published in American newspapers. It basically said that McKinley was a wimp. This was the final straw that led to the Spanish-American war. |
| George Dewey | American "hero" who sunk Spanish battleships in the Philippines in 1898. He was made an admiral as a result. |
| *Teller Amendments | Let the people of America know that America was fighting the Spanish-American war to free Cuba, not annex it. |
| 10th Cavalry Unit | African American soldiers who saved the Rough Riders. |
| Emilio Aguinaldo | Helps Americans free Puerto Rico from the Spanish. Once he realizes the U.S. isn't leaving, he declares war. (1899) |
| Paris Treaty of 1898 | Cuba freed from Spanish. America reserves the right to intervene in Cuba, making it a protectorate. U.S. gains naval bases. |
| *Insular Cases | Supreme Court cases of 1901 that determined that the U.S. Constitution and Bill of Rights did not apply in colonial territories under the American flag. |
| *Platt Amendment | Amendment to the new Cuban constitution. Authorized U.S. intervention in Cuba to protect its interests. U.S. given naval bases, such as Guantanamo Bay. |
| Pros for buying Puerto Rico: | 1. Didn't want someone else to take over. 2. Morally cowardly to leave it open for Spain. 3. Desire to Protestantize. 4. Economic opportunities. |
| Cons for buying Puerto Rico: | 1. Would turn the U.S. into a colonial power. 2. Would entangle the U.S. in the far East. 3. Contrary to U.S. spirit to subjugate. |
| 1901 | End of Philippine-American War |
| Philippine Commission (1899) | McKinley appointed it to make appropriate recommendations. William Taft heads it in 1900. |
| Benevolent Assimilation | Taft's policy of improving railroads, sanitation, public, health, and education in the Philippines. |
| July 4, 1946 | The Philippines gets its freedom. Filipinos are now eligible for American citizenship. |
| John Hay | U.S. Secretary of State who presented the Open Door Note. |
| Open Door Note | Urged powers to announce that in their spheres of influence they would respect Chinese rights and the ideal of fair competition. |
| Boxer Rebellion (1900) | Chinese attacked missionaries, foreign diplomats, etc. in an attempt to rid China of foreign influences. Hay worried that powers would use this to move back in. |
| Campaign slogan of McKinley | "Four more years of the full dinner pail." |
| Great White Fleet | Roosevelt's fleet of 16 battleships. "Big stick" demonstration. |
| Hay-Paunceforte Treaty | Nullified the Clayton-Bulwer Treaty.Gave the U.S. clearance to begin its quest for an American-controlled Central American canal project. |
| Roots of Progressivism | -Socialists from Europe -Christians preaching social gospel -Female rights activists |
| How did female progressives justify their reformist political activity? | On the grounds that it was an extension of their home duties. |
| Jane Addams | Pioneer settlement worker. Founded the famous Hull House. |
| Right of Recall | Citizens could recall an elected official if he wasn't doing his job. |
| Right of Initiative | Once a citizen got a certain number of signatures, he could propose a law. |
| Right of Referendum | Direct electoral vote to pass a proposed law. |
| 17th Amendment (1913) | Direct election of senators. |
| The Square Deal | Roosevelt's policy that aimed to protect the middle and lower classes from the wealthy and give everyone the opportunity to succeed. |
| Muckraking Targets | -Malpractices of life insurance -Tariff lobbies -Beef trusts -Money Trusts -Railroad barons -White slave traffic of women -Slums -High rate of industrial accidents -Child labor -Bad treatment of blacks -Bad medicines |
| Secret Ballots | Prevents intimidation and bribery methods by making elections anonymous. |
| Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire (1911) | Sweat shop in New York City. Women were locked in when a fire broke out. 146 died. |
| Frances Perkins | First female cabinet member. (Secretary of Labor) |
| Robert La Follette | Influential progressive governor of Wisconsin. Opposed large corporations. |
| Hiram Johnson | Progressive governor of California. Reduced the influence of the railroads on politics. |
| Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) (1873) | The first progressive women's social reform organization. Advocated temperance, abstinence, and women's suffrage. |
| Frances Willard | Second president of the WCTU. Also started the World's Women Christian Temperance Union in 1883. |
| Anthracite Coal Strike | Miners made demands and threatened to shut down the winter fuel supply to all major cities. First labor episode that the federal government (Pres. T. Roosevelt) intervened as a neutral arbitrator. |
| Muller v. Oregon (1908) | Case that upheld protective legislation (10-hour workday) on the grounds of women's "physical weakness". |
| Lochner v. New York (1905) | Supreme court ruling that overturned a progressive law mandating a ten-hour workday for bakers. |
| Gifford Pinchot | Pro-conservation federal official whose dismissal by Taft angered Roosevelt progressives. |
| The Newlands Act of 1902 | |
| The Hepburn Act of 1906 | |
| Progressivism | |
| Muckrakers | |
| Roosevelt Panic | |
| "Dollar Diplomacy" | Generally unsuccessful Taft foreign policy in which government attempted to encourage overseas business ventures. |
| U.S. Steel Corporation | Powerful corporation broken up by a Taft-initiated antitrust suit. (1911) |
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