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reaction against the Englightenment; importance of human feelings and emotions.
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literally,"storm and stress"; a movement in German Romantic literature;emphasized feeling/emotion
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His. terms; Test 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| reaction against the Englightenment; importance of human feelings and emotions. | romanticism |
| literally,"storm and stress"; a movement in German Romantic literature;emphasized feeling/emotion | Sturm and Drang |
| French philosopher who wrote "Emile"; idea of open education | Rousseau |
| German philosopher who wrote critiques; had a view called categorical imperative | Kant |
| Kant's view that all humans possess a sense of moral duty,an inner command to act in a situation like you would want someone else to. | categorical imperative |
| English romantic writer; exotic | Coleridge |
| English Romantic writer; beginning of English Romanticism | Wordsworth |
| English rebel romantic writer; wrote "Don Juan"; personal liberty | Lord Byron |
| German romantic writer; attacked prejudices against women | Schlegal |
| German romantic writer; wrote,"Faust" | Goethe |
| style of architecture in which Gothic motifs and forms are imitated. | neo-Gothic |
| portraying subjects from nature that aroused strong emotions and raised questions about our control of life. | nature and the sublime |
| movement begun by John Wesley in Great Britain; emphasized religion (Anglicanism)as a method of life. | Methodism |
| John: the founder of Methodism Charles: famous for writing hymns | the Wesley brothers: John and Charles |
| Frenchman who wrote,"The Genius of Christianity" -it became known as the "bible of Romanticism"; essence of religion is passion. | Chateaubriand |
| German; wrote,"Speeches on Religion to Its Cultured Despisers"; religion is having a dependence on an infinite being. | Schleiermacher |
| German historian of folklore; saw humans/society as plants | Herder |
| German; famous for their collection of fairy tales | Grimm brothers |
| most important German philosopher of history; believed all period of history have equal significance. | Hegel |
| Arabic stories that became popular because of their mysterious nature. | The Thousand and One Nights |
| British historian; writes about Muhammad. | Carlyle |
| discovered by Napoleon Bonaparte; it led to the decipherment of ancient Egypt's hieroglyphic writing | Rosetta Stone |
| the belief that the people who share an ethic identity should also be recognized as having a right to a government of their own. | nationalism |
| favored equality, suffrage, written constitution, and freedom of the press | liberalism |
| wants NO change; they want the status quo | conservatism |
| British conservationist | Burke |
| German conservationist; all history is equal | Hegel |
| Austrian prince,diplomat; epitome of Conservatism | Metternich |
| Conservative Prussian king who strengthened Prussia; replaced reform leaders with nobility | Frederick William III |
| German student organizations; nationalistic | Burschenschaften |
| dissolved the Burschenschaften; allowed for inspectors and censors | Carlsbad Decrees |
| tariffs on grain | Corn Law |
| crowds advocated for reforms and criticized Corn Laws | Peterloo Massacre |
| forbade public meetings; raised fines for libel; speed up trials; prohibited training of armed groups; and allowed home searches. | Six Acts |
| French conservative king; RESTORATION monarch -restored the Bourbon family | Louis XVIII |
| a written constitution for France (hereditary monarchy) | The Charter |
| preserve balance of power in Europe | Concert of Europe/the Congress System |
| Russian tzar; wanted to make Quadruple Alliance more powerful to keep peace. | Alexander I |
| BAD king of Spain; dissolved the people's body. | Ferdinand VII |
| Quadruple Alliance (minus Eng.) would invade other countries if there was a revolt. | Protocol of Troppau |
| British foreign secretary; encouraged English trade with the Spanish world | Canning |
| Greeks revolt and want liberalism and nationalism; it was recognized as *1830 though | Greek Revolution, 1821 |
| what to do with dying Ottoman Empire? | the Eastern Question |
| was granted independence | Serbia |
| French colony; known for sugar and slaves | Haiti |
| leader of Haitian independence; failed | L'Ouverture |
| leader of Haitian independence who was successful | Dessalines |
| born in the New World;of Spanish assent; 2nd class citizens | Creole |
| leading general of the Spanish Rio de la Plata forces; liberator of Peru | San Martin |
| Chilean independence leader | O'Higgins |
| liberator in the north of Latin America | Bolivar |
| liberator of Mexico | Iturbide |
| emperor of Brazil | Dom Pedro |
| Russian conservationist ruler | Nicholas I |
| military rebelled against swearing allegiance to Nicolas I | Decermberist Revolt |
| French ultra-conservatist king | Charles X |
| restricted freedom of the press;dissolver Chamber of Depudies, limited franchise to wealthy; called for new elections | Four Ordinances [July Ordinances] |
| Conservatist French monarch;middle class king* | Louis Philippe |
| becomes independent after being part of many differing lands | Belgian independence |
| Britain compromises with moderate reform | Great Reform Bill, 1832 |
| let Catholics become members of Parliament | Catholic Emancipation Act |
| bad voting areas | "rotten boroughs" |
| when a mysterious fugus blighted potato fields; it was their only food so many died of hunger. | Irish famine: The Great Hunger |
| shift in labor force | proletarianization |
| Political movement associated with the London Working Men's Association's 1838 proposal for political reform. | Chartism |
| forbade the employment of children under 9, limited children's workday, and required employer to pay for 2 hrs of edu. for the children. | English Factory Act of 1833 |
| having a group of paid men to patrol and police the community; | police reform |
| the goal of imprisonment was to rehabilitate or transform the prisoner. | prison reform |
| Economist; population control | Malthus |
| Economist; wrote "Principles of Political Economy"; "iron law of wages" | Ricardo |
| a free trading union that all the major German states formed. | Zollverein |
| a Utilitarian; tought to create codes of scientific law that were founded on principle of utility (the greatest happiness for the greatest number). | Bentham |
| belief that people should always pursue the course that gives them the greatest happiness. | utilitarianism |
| wanted to abolish the tariffs on price of grain | Anti-Corn Law League |
| would lead to lower food prices, which would allow lower wages. Also, British ports needed to open to feed the starving Irish. | repeal of the Corn Law |
| believed that human society should be organized as a community, rather than a group of selfish individuals. | socialism |
| early critics of industrialism whose programs involved plans to est ideal societies on non-capitalistic values. | utopian socialism |
| earliest French socialist pioneers; believed modern society would require rational management. | Saint-Simon |
| British socialist; believed that if humans were placed in the right environment their character would improve. | Owen |
| French socialist; social discipline ignores human pleasure. | Fourier |
| those who opposed any cooperation with industry or government. | anarchists |
| terrorist methods w/ anarchism | Blanqui |
| representative of anarchism; cooperation of society | Proudhon |
| socialist movement; had a claim to a scientific foundation and its insistence on reform through revolution. | Marxism |
| written by Karl Marx and Engels on Marxism | Communist Manifesto; Capital |
| Year of the Revolutions; began in France | 1848 |
| a time during the 2nd Republic in France | June Days |
| a brief time in France; began after Louis Philippe and ended with Napolean III | Second Republic |
| becomes president of the Second Republic | Napoleon III |
| Hungarian (Magyar) independence leader | Kossuth |
| wanted their own state, separate from Austria | Magyars, Czechs |
| Italian nationalists (tried [and failed]to unite Italy as a Republic | Mazzini and Garibaldi |
| brief lived after assassinating Pope | Roman Republic |
| German conservationist king; didn't listen to the people | Frederick William IV |
| Frederick William IV refused to let parliament say he was ruler because he believed that God has anointed him ruler already. | Frankfurt Parliament |
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