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Civ 02
Civ Test 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Movement that began in Western Europe bringing a series of innovations in farm production | Agricultural Revolution |
| Championed the use of iron plows to turn the earth more deeply and of planing wheat by a drill rather than just by casting seeds | Tull |
| instituted crop rotation | Townsend |
| pioneered new methods of animal breeding that produced more and better animals and meat | Blakewell |
| process of land privation and rationalism intended to produce greater commercial profits | Emclosures (emclosure movement) |
| the changes that the spreading use of powered machinery made in society and economics | Industrial Revolution |
| means by which urban merchants obtained their wages (bought raw materials-> gave to peasants who finished product-> distributed to merchants-> bought by consumer) | domestic system of textile production |
| flying shuttle | Kay |
| spinning jetty: spun 16 spindles of thread simultaneously | Hargreaves |
| water frame: water powered device produced a cotton fabric and was suitable for use in factories | Arkwright |
| invented the 1st engine using steam power | Newcomen |
| Scottish engineer experimented with the Newcomen machine and achieved much greater efficiency by separating the condenser from the piston and the cylinder | Watt |
| introduced a new pudding process (a new method for melting and stirring molten ore) | Cort |
| appointed Rene Maupeou died unexpectedly from small pox | Louis XV |
| attempted to regain what he conceived to be popular support restored all the parlements and confirmed their old powers | Louis XVI |
| Swiss banker financial minister | Necker |
| financial minister new tax on land onwers | Calonne |
| Financial minister saught to reform land tax | Brienne |
| allowed nobility to have a direct role in governing the country alongside the monarchy | Estates General |
| members of the commercial and professional middle class (or everyone except the nobility and clergy) | Third Estate |
| list of grievances | cahiers |
| Estates General and the Third Estate joined together to give France a constitution | National Assembly |
| National Assmebly took an oath to sit until they gave France a constitution After this, the monarchy could govern only in cooperation with Assembly | Tennis Court Oath |
| government bonds | Assignats |
| French aristocrats and enemies of teh revolution who fled to countries on France's borders and set up bases for counter-revolutionary activities | Emigres |
| Frederick William I and Leopald I promised to intervene in France to protect the royal family and to preserve the monarchy if the other major European powers agreed | Declaration of Pillnitz |
| the best organized of the political clibs, they embraced the most radical of the Enlightenment's political theories, and they wanted a republic, not a constitutional monarchy | Jacobins |
| believed the war owould preserve the revolution from domestic enemies and bring the most advanced revolutionaties to power | Girondists |
| the execution ordered ny the Paris COmmune of appox. 1200 aristocrats, priests, and common criminals who, because they were being held in city jails, were assumed to be counter-revolutionaries | September Massacres |
| the newlty elected French body 1st act: to declare France a republic-a nation governed by an elected assembly without a king | Convention |
| Parisians and radical Jacobins began the second revolution in France | Sans-culotttes |
| Irish-born writer and British statesman | Burke |
| working class people marched on the Bastille to demand weapons for city's militia | Bastille |
| Bastille (date) | July 14, 1789 |
| September Massacres (date) | 1972 |
| rumors in French countryside that troops would be sent into the rural districts intensified the peasant disturbances that had begun | Great Fear |
| proclaimed that all men were "born and remained free and equal on rights" | Declaration of teh Right of Man and the Citizen |
| the National Constituent Assembly est a Constitutional monarchy | Constitution of 1791 |
| est a basic unit of measurement | metric system |
| transformed the RCC in France into a branch of the secular state | Civil Constitution of the Clergy |
| extreme measures employed by the French government in an effort to protect the revolution | Reign of Terror |
| est to carry out the executive duties of the government | Committee of Public Safety |
| order for total military mobilization of both men and property | levee en masse |
| embodied "republic of virtue" defended by terrot emerged as the dominant figure on the Committee of Publc Safety | Robespierre |
| a recently invernted instrument of efficient and supposedly humane execution | Guillotine |
| tempering of revolutionary terror that led to the est of a new constitutional regime | Thermidor/the Thermidorian Reaction |
| 5 person executive body, chosen from a list supplied by the legislature | Directory |
| French Republic | September 1792 |
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