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Cowboys to Cities
The Birth of the 2nd Industrial Revolution
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A process developed in the 1850s that led to faster, cheaper steel production. | Bessemer Process |
| He drilled the 1st oil well in the US, in Pennsylvania in 1859. | Edwin Drake |
| Completed in 1869 at Promontory, Utah, it linked the eastern railroad system with California's railroad system, revolutionizing transportation in the West. | Transcontinental Railroad |
| A business system where companies are allowed to conduct busines without interference by the government. | Laissez-Faire |
| Applied Darwin's theory of natural selection and "survival of the fittest" to human society -- the poor are poor because they are not as fit to survive. Used as an argument against social reforms to help the poor. | Social Darwinism |
| Business which has complete control within a marketplace, without any outside competition. | Monopoly |
| He formed Standard Oil Trust and made millions while monopolizing the oil industry. | John Rockefeller |
| Practice where a single entity controls the entire process of a product, from the raw materials to distribution. | Vertical Integration |
| Type of monopoly where a company buys out all of its competition. Ex. Rockefeller | Horizontal Integration |
| American industrialist and humanitarian; he focused his attention on steelmaking and made a fortune through his vertical integration method. | Andrew Carnegie |
| A railroad baron, he controlled the New York Central Railroad. | Cornelius Vanderbilt |
| An 1890 law that banned the formation of trusts and monopolies in the United States. | Sherman Antitrust Act |
| A shop or factory where workers work long hours at low wages under unhealthy conditions. | sweatshop |
| An American labor organization founded in 1869 to protect the rights of workers. | Knights of Labor |
| A list of workers that supported the union which was passed around by employers to keep these workers from getting jobs | Blacklist |
| Federation of craft labor unions lead by Samuel Gompers that arose out of dissatisfaction with the Knights of Labor. | American Federation of Labor |
| He was the creator of the American Federation of Labor. He provided a stable and unified union for skilled workers. | Samuel Gompers |
| Prominent socialist leader (and five time presidential candidate) who founded the American Railroad Union and led the 1894 Pullman Strike. | Eugene Debs |
| Transportation system designed to move large numbers of people along fixed routes. | Mass Transit |
| Invented the airplane. | Wright Brothers |
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