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Chapter 13-14 SMO
Question | Answer |
---|---|
City with the largest influx of immigrants in early 19th century | NYC |
Push factors for Irish immigration | Potato famine, British owning most of the land, disease |
Anti-Irish sentiments | illiterate Catholic Irish peasants, "no Irish need apply," got drunk |
Push factors for Germans | William Penn, potato famine, needing work in America |
Targets of violence in early 19th century | Catholics and free blacks |
Early trade unions had three main concerns | Wages, working conditions, working hours |
Tammany Hall | In NYC: ensure votes by going to immigrants and giving them hospitality to get their votes |
Three main characteristics of reform movements | moralistic reform because small-scale local relief wasn't adequate; belief in basic goodness of nature; moralistic dogmatism (reformers knowing they're always right and had improvements enacted) |
Ragged schools | tax-supported primary schools that were scarce and poor quality |
Horace Mann | led education reform, first secretary of of MA board of education, doubled teachers' salaries |
Catharine Beecher | advocate for German school model and for kindergarten, learn through play |
First college to accept black men and white women | Oberlin |
Cold Water Army | children's club for temperance |
Neal S. Dow of Maine | Father of Prohibition; Maine Law of 1851 which prohibited making liquor in Maine |
Dorothea Dix | led to establishment of asylums for the insane |
Communitarian/Utopian | believed in social harmony and were experimental, no violence |
Robert Owen 1825 | New Harmony, Indiana: had Owenites who believed society should have equal materials, anti-religious, good education program, failed after 2 years |
Brook Farm 1841 | based on Phalanxes, George Ripley, failed |
Oneida Community | complex marriage for everyone to be married to each other, John Humphrey Noyes, sexual freedom, perfectionism |
Shakers 1774 | "hands to work, hearts to God," Mother Ann Lee, celibacy, bear trap monopoly |
Mormons | Joseph Smith, first true Protestant-Christian religion, fastest growing TODAY, no polygamy |
Why were the Mormons hated? | they had economic success |
Joseph Smith's fate | killed by a mob while running for president in 1844 |
Mormon migration path | NY to Utah |
Three groups who were active abolitionists | free blacks, Quakers, militant white reformers |
Sojourner Truth | free female black, first black woman to win court case over white, counted tales of slave horrors |
Theodore Weld | "American Slavery as it is" provided graphic details of slave accounts |
American Antislavery Society | The Tappan Brothers; meeting place burned and robbed |
JQA and the Amistad | JQA freed 53 slaves on the Spanish Amistad ship even though they were arrested |
Liberty Party 1840 | first antislavery party, chose James G. Birney as candidate |
Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott | Seneca Falls Convention, women reformers |
Susan B. Anthony | wrote 19th amendment |
Declaration of Sentiments | at seneca falls, man = woman |
Five points neighborhood | NY's worst slum with criminals and notorious gangs |
Millerites (William Miller) | believed 2nd coming of Christ on 10/22/1843; revised it with 7th day adventist |
Commodity that attracted Americans to northern Louisiana territory | fur |
John C. Fremont | mapped overland trails to Oregon and California |
Great Plains also referred to as | Indo-Gangetic Plains |
Indian territory states | Kansas, Nebraska, Oklahoma |
Who coined term "manifest destiny" and where did it first appear? | John O'Sullivan; Democratic Review newspaper |
"to see the elephant" | desire to see the unknown |
James K. Polk and "54 40 or fight!" | Polk said the US would go to war if he didn't get all the land below Canada |