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What are the two nucleic acids?
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What is the monomer of a nucleic acid?
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AP Bio Ch 10 DNA rep

QuestionAnswer
What are the two nucleic acids? DNA & RNA
What is the monomer of a nucleic acid? nucleotide
What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide? sugar, phospate, nitrogen base
How are purines different from pyrimadines purines, adenine & guanine, have a double ring structure instead of a single ring
Why is the basic reason that DNA can be precisely replicated? complementary base pairing (A-T & G-C)
How do DNA & RNA differ? DNA is double stranded while RNA is single. DNA contains deoxyribose sugar while RNA contains ribose. DNA contains the nitrogen base thymine while RNA contains uracil instead of thymine.
What is the function of nucleic acids? information storage
What does the sequence of nucleotides in DNA determine? The sequence of amino acids in proteins
What enzyme is responsible for unwinding & unzipping DNA during replication? helicase
What molecule is reponsible for holding the complementary strands of DNA apart during replication? Single stranded binding proteins
What are two limitations of DNA polymerase? It can't begin a new strand of nucleotides. It can only add new nucleotides to a 3' end.
What is the function of primase during DNA replication? It is an enzyme that adds and RNA primer to the DNA template strand.
What is the function of DNA polymerase during DNA replication? It adds free floating DNA nucleotides to the 3' end of the new daughter strand.
During replication, how does the leading strand differ from the lagging strand? Since the end of the leading strand is 3' DNA polymerase can add nucleotides in a continuous fashion but the lagging strand has a 5' end so that strand gets synthesized discontinuously by Okazaki fragments.
What happens to the primers that are added to the new strands during DNA replication? A DNA polymerase enzyme replaces them with DNA nucleotides.
What role does the enzyme ligase have during DNA replication? It seals any gaps in the backbone of DNA by catalyzing the formation of phosphodiester bonds.
What are telomeres and what are their purpose? Long segments of noncoding DNA at the ends of linear chromosomes. Their purpose is to prevent the deterioration of coding segments due to the "end replication problem"
The central dogma of biology states that the flow of genetic information is ... from DNA to RNA to protein.
The synthesis of a messenger RNA strand from DNA is called transcription
What is the function of RNA polymerase during transcription? It unwinds & unzips DNA and it also adds free floating RNA nucleotides that are complimentary to the DNA template.
What occurs during RNA processing? Introns are cut out by SNrps, exons are spliced together, a poly A tail and 5' cap are added.
Why are introns removed? They don't code for polypeptides - at least scientist don't think they do.
What is believed to be the function of introns? Scientists believe they serve a regulatory role as well as cause the chromosome to be longer which increases the amount of crossing over that can occur during meiosis which, in turn, increases genetic variation.
What is translation? Synthesis of a polypeptide by a ribosome while "reading" the codons on a strand of messenger RNA.
What are the two important parts of a transfer RNA molecule? amino acid and an anticodon
What is a codon? Three amino acids on a mRNA strand that code for a particular amino acid.
What is are telomeres? regions of repetitive DNA at the end of a chromosome, which protects the end of the chromosome from deterioration
What is telomerase? The enzyme that adds telomeres to the ends of chromosomes. It is found in high quantities in gametes, stem cells and cancer cells.
Created by: szern
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