AP Bio Ch 10 DNA rep Word Scramble
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| Question | Answer |
| What are the two nucleic acids? | DNA & RNA |
| What is the monomer of a nucleic acid? | nucleotide |
| What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide? | sugar, phospate, nitrogen base |
| How are purines different from pyrimadines | purines, adenine & guanine, have a double ring structure instead of a single ring |
| Why is the basic reason that DNA can be precisely replicated? | complementary base pairing (A-T & G-C) |
| How do DNA & RNA differ? | DNA is double stranded while RNA is single. DNA contains deoxyribose sugar while RNA contains ribose. DNA contains the nitrogen base thymine while RNA contains uracil instead of thymine. |
| What is the function of nucleic acids? | information storage |
| What does the sequence of nucleotides in DNA determine? | The sequence of amino acids in proteins |
| What enzyme is responsible for unwinding & unzipping DNA during replication? | helicase |
| What molecule is reponsible for holding the complementary strands of DNA apart during replication? | Single stranded binding proteins |
| What are two limitations of DNA polymerase? | It can't begin a new strand of nucleotides. It can only add new nucleotides to a 3' end. |
| What is the function of primase during DNA replication? | It is an enzyme that adds and RNA primer to the DNA template strand. |
| What is the function of DNA polymerase during DNA replication? | It adds free floating DNA nucleotides to the 3' end of the new daughter strand. |
| During replication, how does the leading strand differ from the lagging strand? | Since the end of the leading strand is 3' DNA polymerase can add nucleotides in a continuous fashion but the lagging strand has a 5' end so that strand gets synthesized discontinuously by Okazaki fragments. |
| What happens to the primers that are added to the new strands during DNA replication? | A DNA polymerase enzyme replaces them with DNA nucleotides. |
| What role does the enzyme ligase have during DNA replication? | It seals any gaps in the backbone of DNA by catalyzing the formation of phosphodiester bonds. |
| What are telomeres and what are their purpose? | Long segments of noncoding DNA at the ends of linear chromosomes. Their purpose is to prevent the deterioration of coding segments due to the "end replication problem" |
| The central dogma of biology states that the flow of genetic information is ... | from DNA to RNA to protein. |
| The synthesis of a messenger RNA strand from DNA is called | transcription |
| What is the function of RNA polymerase during transcription? | It unwinds & unzips DNA and it also adds free floating RNA nucleotides that are complimentary to the DNA template. |
| What occurs during RNA processing? | Introns are cut out by SNrps, exons are spliced together, a poly A tail and 5' cap are added. |
| Why are introns removed? | They don't code for polypeptides - at least scientist don't think they do. |
| What is believed to be the function of introns? | Scientists believe they serve a regulatory role as well as cause the chromosome to be longer which increases the amount of crossing over that can occur during meiosis which, in turn, increases genetic variation. |
| What is translation? | Synthesis of a polypeptide by a ribosome while "reading" the codons on a strand of messenger RNA. |
| What are the two important parts of a transfer RNA molecule? | amino acid and an anticodon |
| What is a codon? | Three amino acids on a mRNA strand that code for a particular amino acid. |
| What is are telomeres? | regions of repetitive DNA at the end of a chromosome, which protects the end of the chromosome from deterioration |
| What is telomerase? | The enzyme that adds telomeres to the ends of chromosomes. It is found in high quantities in gametes, stem cells and cancer cells. |
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