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TT#19

RISE OF LABOR 1866-1900

QuestionAnswer
COLLECTIVE BARGAINING These are face to face negotiations to settle disputes between workers and management. Each side has an agenda of demands and attempts to achieve a favorable compromise. The union leaders have the power to speak for the members of their union as a whole.
INJUNCTION A court order obtained by a company to ban unions and stop strikes.
STRIKES, PICKETS, BOYCOTTS Tools that the union uses against the management of a company. During the strikes workers refuse to work. In pickets people use signs to publicize the strike&to stop strike breakers. In a boycott the union asks the public not to buy the companys products.
COMPANY UNIONS Unions formed & controlled by their respective companies to appease the workers. The workers were lulled into a false sense of security because the company left the union without real bargaining power.
CLOSED SHOP, BLACKLIST A closed shop refers to a company that hires only union members. When a company blacklisted someone it told other employers that the person was a union member, which prevented him from working after he had been fired.
YELLOW DOG CONTRACTS Contracts that the company forces a worker to sign before he can be employed in the company. The contract states that the worker cannot join a union.
WILLIAM SYLVIS, NATIONAL LABOR UNION *1866* Uriah S. Stephens founded this labor union & Terance V. Powderly led it. It's downfall was attributed to the lack of funds, lack of organization, and the mishap at the Haymarket Square in Chicago.
GREAT RAILROAD STRIKE *1877* Railroad workers went on strike protesting wage cuts & prevented the railroads from operating Federal troops were used against unions for the forst time during this strike. The disturbances were stopped&the workers returned to work with their lower wages.
SAMUEL GOMPERS, AFL *1881* The American Federation of Labor (AFL) represented skilled labor & was composed of craft unions. The AFL learned from the Knight of Labor and the National Labor Union and avoided political & violence.
HAYMARKET SQUARE RIOT *1886* Riot led bythe KnightofLabor in Chicago. began as an attempt to secure an 8hourworkday. 12people were killed when an anarchist threw a bomb into a colum of policemen. This act of violence was linked to the KinghtsofLabor&was a major setback to their cause
HOMESTEAD STEEL STRIKE, PINKERTONS *1892* Carnegie's steel workers had a sit-down strike. Carnegie hired the Pinkerton Detective Agency to stop the strike but the sttempt failed. The government militia lais siege to the factory for 20weeks before the workers capitulated.
PULLMAN STRIKE *1894* When the Pullman Palace Car Company severly cut wages for workers. railroadworkers response: refusing to link any Pullman cars to the train. government transported mail on Pullman cars making the union's actions a federal offense.
AMERICAN RAILWAY UNION Started the Pullman strike and was led by Eugene V. Debs.
EUGENE V. DEBS Head of the American Railway union and later became the fouder of the American Socialist Party.
WILSON-GORMAN TARIFF *1894* Lowered duties on imports to about 40% but still protected American industries from foreign competition.
DINGLEY TARIFF Raised duties to an extremely high average of 57% the highest in U.S history.
Created by: 100000297298692
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