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U.S. History Honors
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Thomas Edison | Inventor of the lightbulb, telegraph, phonograph etc |
| Bessemer process | Efficient method of making steel; developed by British inventor Henry Bessemer and American William Kelly in the 1850’s. |
| Elijah McCoy | Inventor and Engineer, made many uses of Oil |
| Telegraph | Machine patented by Samuel Morse in 1837 that sent messages over long distances by using electric current to transmit a system of dots and dashes over wire. |
| Andrew Carnegie | Ran a successful industrial steel factory |
| Social Darwinism | Theory adapted by philosopher Herbert Spencer from Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution; argued that society progressed through competition, with the fittest rising to positions of wealth and power. |
| Mary Harris Jones | active female union organizer for the Knights of Labor |
| Great Upheaval | (1886) Year of intense workers strikes and violent labor confrontations in the United States. |
| Monopoly | Exclusive economic control of an industry |
| Trust | Arrangement grouping several companies under one board of directors to eliminate competition and to regulate production |
| Steel | -Bessemer Process- Help make better and stronger railroads, bridges and frames for homes. |
| Black Gold | Oil |
| Transcontinental Railroad | Railroad that crossed the continental United States; completed in 1869 |
| Telegraph | Samuel F. B. Morse- messages over long distances by using electric current to transmit a system of dots and dashes over wire. |
| Capitalism | Economic system in which private business runs most industries, and competition determines how much goods cost and workers are paid. |
| Free Enterprise | Belief that the economy will prosper if businesses are left free from government regulation and allowed to compete in a free market |
| Communism | Political theory that proposes individual ownership should not be allowed, but rather all people should collectively own property and the means of production. |
| Social Darwinism | Theory adapted by philosopher Herbert Spencer from Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution; argued that society progressed through competition, with the fittest rising to positions of wealth and power. |
| Corporation | - Company that sells shares of ownership, called stock, to investors in order to raise money. |
| Andrew Carnegie | Ran a successful industrial steel factory hired the best workers. Carnegie Steel Company. |
| Gospel of Wealth | (1889) Essay written by Andrew Carnegie stressing the importance of recirculation of money in the society and Charity work. |
| Vertical Integration | Ownership of businesses involved in each step of a manufacturing process. |
| John D. Rockefeller | Founder of the Standard Oil Company |
| Horizontal Integration | Ownership of several companies making the same product |
| Cornelius Vanderbilt | pioneer of the railroad industry. He extended the railroad system by purchasing smaller lines. |
| immigrants | group of people who entered the workforce in response to the demand for labor |
| anarchists | people who were against all types of government |
| Sherman Antitrust Act | made monopolies and trust illegal |
| Haymarket Riot | violent confrontation in Chicago stemming from the strike against the McCormick Harvesting Machine Company |
| Great Upheaval | a period of time when there were many strikes and violent confrontations between union members and police |
| African Americans | People who were prevented from holding factory jobs in the South |
| Working Conditions | characterized by long hours and low wages |
| Pullman | strike that resulted at a sleeping-car factory when workers' wages were cut but prices at the company store were not |
| Samuel L. Gompers | created the American Federal of Labor (AFL) |
| Mary Harris Jones | active female union organizer for the Knights of Labor |