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Political Science Ex
Ch 2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12 vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| descriptive | explaining what is |
| normative | explaining what ought to be |
| realism | working with the world as it is and not as we wish it to be; usually focused on power |
| social contract | Theory that individuals join and stay in civil society as if they signed a contract |
| state of nature | humans before civilization |
| civil society | humans after becoming civilized |
| general will | Rousseau's theory of what everybody in a community wants |
| proletariat | Marx's name for the industrial working class |
| bourgeois | middle class |
| superstructure | Marx's term for everything that is built on top of the economy (law, art, politics, etc.) |
| institutions | the formal structures of government, such as the US Congress |
| positivism | Theory that society can be studied scientifically and incrementally improved with the knowledge gained |
| behavioralism | empirical study of actual human behavior rather than abstract or speculative theories |
| thesis | a main idea or claim, to be proved by evidence |
| cynical | untrusting and suspicious, especially of government |
| secular | not connected to religion |
| turnout | percent of eligible who vote in a given election |
| subculture | a minority culture within the mainstream culture |
| mainstream | sharing the average or standard political culture |
| integration | merging subcultures into the mainstream culture |
| marginalized | pushed to the edge of society and the economy, often said of the poor and of subcultures |
| values | deeply held view; key component of political culture |
| social class | a broad layer of society, usually based on income and often labeled lower, middle and upper |
| salience | literally, that which jumps out |
| noneconomic issues | questions relating to patriotism, religion, race, sexuality, and personal choice |
| skewed | a distribution with its peak well to one side |
| survey | a public-opinion poll |
| sample | those persons to be interviewed in a survey, a small fraction of the population |
| volatility | tendency of public opinion to change quickly |
| honeymoon | high support for presidents early in their terms |
| rally event | occurrence that temporarily boosts president's support |
| gender gap | tendency of American women to vote more Democratic than do men |
| subject | one of the three general political cultures; feeling among citizens that they should obey authority but not participate much in politics |
| overt socialization | deliberate government policy to teach culture |
| general public | those citizens that doesn't know or care about much beyond their immediate concerns |
| parochial | one of the three general political cultures; narrow, having little or no interest in politics |
| participant | one of the three general political cultures; interest or willingness in taking part in politics |
| attentive public | those citizens who follow politics, especially national and international affairs |
| socialization | learning of culture |
| incumbent | official who already occupies the office |
| elite media | highly influential newspapers and magazines read by elites and the attentive public |
| mass media | modern means of communication that reach very wide audiences |
| turnout | percent of those eligible to vote |
| constituency | people or district that elects an official |
| franchise | right to vote |
| party ID | long-term voter attachment to a given party |
| class voting | tendency of a given social class to vote for a party that promotes its economic interests |
| voting bloc | group with a marked tendency |
| polarization | opinion fleeing the center to form 2 hostile camps |
| religiosity | depth of religious conviction |
| retrospective voting | voters choosing based on overall incumbent performance |
| face-to-face | communication by personal contact |
| stump | verb, to campaign by personally speaking to audiences |
| introspective | looking within oneself |
| status quo | keeping the present situation |
| oligopoly | market dominated by a few big firms |
| wire service | news agency that sells to all media |
| source | who or where a news reporter gets info from |
| bandwagon | tendency of front-runners to gain additional supporters |
| cross-pressured | pulled between opposing political forces; said to produce apathy |
| adversial | inclined to criticize and oppose, to treat with enmity |
Created by:
equidrewrox
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