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Hist Chapter 13
A House Divided
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Wilmot Proviso | David Wilmot, Democrat, proposed that the US prohibit slavery in any territory acquired from Mexico. The South did not like this |
| Calhoun Resolutions | established Southern view of the status of slavery in the territories. They are the common possession of the states and not the Federal government. |
| Calhoun Resolutions continued | Slave owners have the same constitutional protection of their property in territories as in their home state |
| Popular sovereignty | residence of a territory should decide on the status of slavery |
| Zachery Taylor | hero of Mexican war, nominated by the Whigs; ran for president and won |
| Free-soilers | those who favored leaving slavery alone in the South where it already existed but opposed its extension into the territories |
| Free soil party | made by the freesoilers. Slogan free soil, free speech, free labor, free men. Supported the Wilmot proviso |
| California gold rush | Gold Fever seized sensible men and sent them to California to look for gold |
| 49ers | the first wave of gold hunters which came to California in 1849 |
| Compromise of 1850 | proposed by Henry Clay. California be admitted as a free state; slave trade but not slavery be abolished in DC; offered fugitive slave act which put the government behind the return of runaway slaves; protection of slaver in DC; |
| Compromise of 1850 continued | New Mexico and Utah be organized without reference to or restrictions on slavery |
| Franklin Pierce | Democrat nominee who was solidly behind the compromise and he won the presidential race |
| Fugitive Slave Law | Return of runaway slaves became a powerful emotional tool of the abolitionists in gradually turning public opinion. Also called “The Bloodhound Law” |
| Uncle Tom's Cabin | published in 1852. Most influential piece of propaganda since Thomas Payne’s “Common Sense” |
| Fire-eater | The most radical Southerners, extremist who advocated the South leaving the Union as the only way to preserve the Southern way of life |
| Underground rail road | the escape route for fugitive slaves through the Northern states. |
| Stephen Douglas | envisioned the construction of a trans-continental railroad |
| Kansas-Nebraska act | proposed by Douglas for two territories; Kansas west of Missouri and Nebraska west of Iowa; returned to the idea of popular sovereignty |
| Know-nothings | when members were asked about the secret order they were taught to reply that they knew nothing |
| Republican Party | the real successor to the Whig party; anti-slavery |
| John C Fremont | the pathfinder of the West and hero of the Mexican War; ran under the Republican party for president but lost to Buchanan |
| James Buchanan | from PA; sympathetic to the South; ran for president as a Democrat; was minister to Great Britain since 1853 |
| Bleeding Kansas | bloody fighting broke out between anti-slavery and pro-slavery and the dissension torn territory became known as “bleeding Kansas” |
| Sack of Lawrence | may 21st 1853 an army of border ruffians sacked the town of Lawrence, Kansas; the citizens all left so they burned, looted and destroyed the town. This enraged free staters |
| Brooks-Sumner episode | Brooks attacked Summer with his cane while he sat in his seat because Summer had given a passion speech about the sacking of Lawrence. This confirmed the prejudice that Southern leaders where violent brutes |
| John Brown | a fanatical abolitionist from Connecticut who had come to Kansas to help win the territory for the anti-slavery forces. |
| Pottawatomie Massacre | Brown’s men butchered 5 pro-slavery settlers with razor sharp swords |
| Dred Scott vs Sandford | revealed that even the Supreme Court could not solve the problems of the nations. Dred Scott was a slave. His master Emerson died and he sought to become free on the grounds of entering free territory. |
| Dred Scott vs Sandford continued | Case went to the Supreme Court. The majority ruled that as a slave he was not a citizen and therefore had not right to sue. |
| Roger Taney | he was Chief Justice whose view was that black had no rights that white men should respect |
| Freeport Doctrine | Douglas argued that a territory could prohibit slavery by refusing to adopt laws establishing and protecting it |
| Abraham Lincoln | challenged Douglas in the election of 1858; born to a family of poor farmers; nicknamed “honest Abe” |
| Lincoln Douglas debates | debates between Lincoln and Douglas for the presidency |
| Secret Six | group of Brown’s supporters which included prominent clergy and abolitionists in the North East. Backed the plan to attack Harper’s Ferry |
| Harpers Ferry | John Brown wanted to capture the arsenal to supply a slave revolt with weapons on Oct 16, 1859 but failed |
| John C Breckinridge | from Kentucky ;nominated by Southern Democrats as Buchanan’s vice president; |
| Constitutional Union Party | collection of conservative Southerners and Northerners who nominated John Bell for president |
| John Bell | nominated by Constitutional Union Party for president but Lincoln won the election |
| Secede | leave the Union |
| Ordinance of secession | South Carolina’s declaration of independence from the Union |
| Jefferson Davis | former senator from Missippi and secretary of war under Pierce; elected the first president of the Confederacy |
| John J Crittenden | proposed amendments that would have extended the Missouri compromise; made noble effort to save the union but failed; one son became general in Union the other in the Confederacy |
| Fort Sumter | first attack and spark needed to start the civil war. Was a Northern controlled fort in the South. |
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