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Part II ACS <>
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Most common STD in the U.S. | chlamydia |
| STD associated with Reiter's syndrome | chlamydia |
| STD with yellow odorless discharge | chlamydia |
| STD associated with NGU (non-gonococcal genito-urinary infection | chlamydia |
| A lymph-related condition that chlamydia may lead to | lymphogranuloma vereneum. (enlarged lymph nodes cause lymph blockage which leads to elephantitis |
| AKA for gonorrhea | the clap |
| STD with copious amounts of clear discharge | gonorrhea |
| Gonorrhea is gram negative or positive? | negative |
| Two locations males get gonorrhea | urethra and epididymus |
| Three types of inflammation females experience with gonorrhea | vaginitis, salpingitis, arthritis |
| Herpes type I location | the mouth |
| Herpes type II location | the genitals or anus |
| STD with small swollen red vesicles that ooze | herpes |
| Name 3 drugs used to treat herpes | valtrex, acyclovir, L-lysine |
| STD with green, foul smelling,itchy presentation | trichromonas |
| STD that presents with rapid forming ulcers which bleed | chancroid |
| hemophiles ducrey is an associated symptom of which STD? what is it? | chancroid. a soft ulcer |
| buboes is an associated symptom of which STD? what is it? | chancroid. large swollen inguinal lymph nodes |
| organism which causes syphilis | treponema pallidium |
| primary syphilis presentation | small hard painless lesions |
| incubation period for secondary syphilis | ~12 weeks |
| Two presentations of secondary syphilis | condylomata lata(warts) and alopecia (loss of hair) |
| Tertiary syphilis appears in what % of untreated cases | 30% or 1/3 |
| Tertiary syphilis may cause the following presentations. (use this acronym) ACDGT "all coochies do good tricks" | argyll robertson pupil, charcot's joints, dementia, gummas, tabes dorsalis (dorsal column degeneration and its associated symptoms |
| Congenital syphilis presents with Hutchinson's triad, name the 3 attributes | short pegged teeth, interstitial keratosis, and deafness. (some sources say saddle nosed too) |
| Name 4 labs for syphilis | dark field microscopy. FTA-ABS. RPR rapid plasma reagin. VDRL venereal disease research lab |
| Name 2 AKAs for candida | candida albicans, thrush |
| Candida in females commons presents as | cheesy white vaginal walls...yuck |
| Name two treatments for candida | lactobacillis, acidophilus |
| This STD is associated with "beefy red lesions" and "Donovan's bodies" | granuloma inguinale |
| Cauliflower lesions are associated with this STD | HPV |
| What strains (#s) are associated with genital HPV | 16 and 18 |
| waxy papules and multiple skin tags | molluscum contagiosum |
| An STD associated with South Americans and an IgG reaction | bullous pemphigoid |
| An STD associated with a possibly lethal autoimmune reaction the causes blistering eruptions | bullous pemphigoid |
| An STD associated with blacks and asians and an IgA reaction | dermatitis herpetiformis |
| dermatits herpetiformis may cause which 3 symptoms | bullous lesions, gluten sensitivity, and prolonged itching |
| Two scientific AKAs for "mood disorders" | Affect Disorder, Thymic disorder |
| Treatment for bipolarism | lithium |
| "Cutters" associated with | unipolar depression |
| Name 3 types of schizophrenia | Disorganized, Catatonic, Paranoid |
| Describe disorganized schizophrenia and give its AKA | unpredictable mood swings. hebephrenic |
| Describe Catatonic schizophrenia | patient had rigid posture and flat facial expression |
| Describe paranoid schizophrenia | why are you reading my flash cards??!? !?? who are you??!?!?! |
| symptoms of schizophrenia need to be present for how long to make a diagnosis | 6 months |
| a term for a person with schizophrenic symptoms that occur periodically but don't last the required 6 months | schizophreniform |
| Three natural treatments for seasonal affect disorder | light, exercise, comfort foods |
| Umbrella category of mental disorders in which physical symptoms are associated | somatoform disorders |
| Name for type of disorder in which a person is convinced there is something wrong with their body | dysmorphic disorder |
| Bulimia is a food disorder which may lead to... | barrett's esophagus |
| Eating inedible things, such as dirt... | Pica |
| Psychic disorder which CAUSES physical disorder is called... | Conversion disorder |
| Preoccupation with becoming ill | hypochondriac |
| Briquet's syndrome, give the AKA and description | somatization disorder. person is under 30, usually female, reoccuring complaints that something is seriouslly wrong with them, may be continually seeking medical attention |
| Psychogenic pain AKA | somatoform disorder |
| Fear and anxiety following an event causing panic attacks and sleep disorders | Post traumatic stress disorder |
| Condition in which a person is mostly in a state of reality, but very low self esteem and constantly in defensive mode | Neurotic, neurosis |
| Condition in which a person is mostly OUT of reality, no regard for self or others, verbal therapy is useless | psychotic, psychosis |
| Masochist likes what? Sadist likes what? | receiving abuse. giving abuse |
| Voyer likes what? Exhibitionist likes what? | watching. being watched |
| Childhood disorder associated with poor development and microencephaly | FAS: fetal alcohol syndrome |
| Child in its own world, slow language development | autism |
| 2 possible causes for autism | vaccinations and amoxicillin |
| childhood disorder with poor focus, restless leg, sleep disorders, impulsive patterns | ADD: attention deficit disorder |
| Childhood trauma that causes short term multiple personalities | dissociative disorder |
| Defense Mechanism devoid of feelings | denial |
| Defense mechanism of ignoring feelings | repression |
| Defense mechanism of blaming it on another | projection |
| Defense mechanism of acting young than one is | regression |
| Defense Mechanism of acting out of place | displacement |
| Defense mechanism of acting opposite of normal, i.e., laughing in hysteria | reaction formation |
| Defense mechanism of finding an excuse for behavior | rationalizing |
| Defense mechanism of transferring emotion to another being (parent, doctor, etc.) | transference |
| this type of disorder is in between a neurosis and a psychosis | personality disorder |
| Therapy aimed to make subject associate bad behavior with something negative | aversion therapy |
| Therapy aimed at making a subject avoid something | avoidance therapy |
| Therapy which analyzes underlying thoughts | psychotherapy |
| Therapy which changes life style, i.e., in-patient, half-way house | milieu therapy |
| ECT stands for | electro-convulsion therapy |
| Therapy associated with "Hierarchy of needs" | Maslow therapy |
| Therapy associated with hypnosis | Erickson therapy |
| Therapy associated with ID, EGO, and SUPER EGO | Freudian therapy |
| ID relates to what? EGO relates to what? SUPER EGO relates to what? | ID = primative or child. EGO = reality or control. SUPER EGO = conscience or guilt. |
| Therapy associated with analytical psychology | Jung therapy |
| Classical conditioning: Pavlovian response Name an unconditional stimulus, unconditional response conditional stimulus, conditional response. | food, salivation, bell, salivate to bell |
| Operant conditioning AKA is? which creates faster learning? neg or pos? | Skinner conditioning. negative is faster. |
| Never give for gasoline poisoning | emetics: vomiting agents |
| Most common vomiting agent | ipecac, comes from roots and rhizomes of ipecacuanha plant |
| Mildest vomiting agent | salt water |
| Safest substance to treat alkaline or acid poisoning | water |
| Vomiting is indicated or contraindicated for swallowing bleach or cleaning products? | contra indicated |
| Contraindications to using charcoal as a universal antidote: (use acronym) DIALS | DDT, Alcohol (ethanol or methanol), Iodine, Lithium Sulpher |
| Use Heimlich when a person is choking and... | there is no sound coming out |
| For an unconscious adult who is choking provide... | abdominal thrusts above umbilicus |
| For an unconscious infant who is choking provide... | back blows and oral finger sweeps |
| Anaphylactic shock due to: | Major inflammation reaction |
| Hypovolemic shock due to: | decreased blood volume |
| 2 signs of carbon monoxide poisoning | cherry red lips or cyanosis |
| CA-MRSA stands for | community acquired methicillin resistant staph aureus |
| CA-MRSA is common in what group? and what anatomical location? | Kids and athletes. skin and lungs |
| Normal MRSA is common in what group? and anatomical location | hospitals and nursing homes.in the joints |
| Name the 4 D's required in a malpractice suit | Duty, Dereliction, Damage, Direct Causation |
| Is standard of care affected by furthered education(diplomates etc.)? | Yes, although a Dr. is responsible for reasonable and average standard of care, a higher degree necessitates a higher standard. |
| What can constitute a breech of contract? Use acronym "CAPED" | Confidentiality, Abandonment ( not having a doc to cover your vacation), Promising a cure one can't deliver, Exceed patient's consent, Doctor is held vicariously responsible |
| Define tort | a civil wrong. a person's behavior has caused loss or damage to another. something against the expectations of society |
| Adjusting without permission is classified as... | assault and battery |
| Name 4 types of civil suits. Use acronym BT PM. "bong tokes at night" | Breech, tort, personal damages, malpractice |
| Type of consent required to be communicated about possible risks of chiropractic care | Informed consent |
| The statue of limitations allows for how much time for an adult to file suit? | 7 years |
| the statue of limitations allows for how much time for a minor to file suit | 18 years |
| Name the tax form used to estimate and pay taxes quarterly | 1040ES |
| Who selects the state board of examiners? | The governor |
| What is the role of the state board of examiners? | Protecting the citizens |
| Law term for a wrongful act? | Malfeasance |
| Why are the results of a binding arbitration different than the results of a trial? | A binding arbitration can not be appealed or disputed. |
| what does "Res Ipsa Loquitor" mean? | "The thing speaks for itself" |
| You're the defendant in a suit. Who does direct examination? | The defense attorney. |
| You're the defendant in a suit. Who does cross examination? | The prosecuting attorney. |
| Who is responsible for damages in a "comparative negligence" ruling? | Both doctor and patient. |
| What does "voir dire" mean? | "to speak the truth" |
| What does "Prima Nocere" mean? | "first do no harm" |
| What is an anxiolytic drug? | A drug used to treat anxiety |
| Name 5 anxiety drugs. Use acronym HBC T2 | Haldol, Benzodiazepine, Chlorpromazine, Torazine, and tranquilizers. Basically they end in -ine. |
| Name 2 tranquilizers that cause falls in the elderly | Valium and Librium |
| What is the memory trick to remember blood thinner drugs | "-in's thin the blood" coumadin, Aspirin, etc. |
| What 2 major vitamins thin the blood? | Vitamin C and E |
| What does the drug Dicumarol do? | thins the blood |
| Insectisides are what class of poisons? | Organophosphates |
| what are common side affects of insecticide poisoning? Use acronym SLUD | salivation, lacrimation, urination, defication |
| What is the most common drug antidote given for organophosphate poisoning? What side affects may it cause? | Atropine. Dry eyes, nose, and mouth. |
| Anabolic steroid use can cause pathophysiology in what organ? | the liver |
| Anabolic steroid use may do what to a growing child? | Prematurely close growth plates |
| T/F Chloroform must be ingested to cause bodily harm? What acute condition can it cause? | False. Inhalation may cause harm as well. Acute liver failure. |
| This type of poisoning may happen if working around low heat pottery kilns. | Cyanide. |
| What mechanism do cyanide and arsenic shut down? | The electron transport chain. |
| Which of the NLMEB white blood cells does lead poisoning affect? | basophils |
| Adrenal dysfunction and bone loss may occur due to prolonged use of this medically prescribed injection... | corticosteroids |
| ANS dysfunction may result from prolonged use of this substance... | ionizide |
| L-dopa is administered as a treatment to which movement disorder? | Parkinson's |
| An AKA for depression drugs | Dysthymic drugs |
| What are monamine oxide (MAO) inhibitors used to treat? | Depression |
| What do tricyclic drugs treat? | Depression |
| This drugs inhibits the re-uptake of seratonin in depression disorders. | Prozac |
| Name 3 possible effects of long term Aspirin use. | GI bleeding, kidney irritation, tinnitus |
| What biomolecule does aspirin inhibit? | Prostagladin 2 |
| What is the antidote for NSAID overdose? | N-acetylcysteine |
| What is the antidote for apirin overdose? | activated charcoal |
| This syndrome has a history of infecting children whom have had a virus and have taken apsirin. | What is Reye's syndrome Alex? |
| Which two organs does Reye's syndrome tend to damage in children? | The liver is damaged and the brain experiences encephalopathy. |
| What is the classical triad of Reye's syndrome symptoms? | Rash, vomiting, seizures. (possibly amnesia too) |
| The antibiotic Streptomycin has been known to cause what side affect? | hearing problems |
| Name 2 possible side affects of penicillin. | Rash and anaphylactic shock if the patient is allergic. |
| Amoxicillin has been known to cause what two side affects? | Diminished brain development (autism, and gi neurotransmitter problems. |
| Ritalin is taken for what condition? | ADD |
| Tagamet is taken for what condition? | ulcers |
| What does Lipitor do? | reduces blood cholesterol |
| What does Celebrex do? | it is used to relieve pain from osteoarthritis by inhibiting cox-2 inflammatory agents. |
| What does Digitalis does? | it is a plant based derivative which increases heart contractility. |
| What does the drug Dilantin do? | decreases seizure activity. |
| What is the most common endocrine cause of carpal tunnel syndrome? | Hypothyroidism |
| What is the medical term for being far sighted (can only see far away things)? | Presbyopia. |
| what is the medical term for age-related hearing loss? | Presbycusis |
| What field of vision goes out with macular degeneration, central, or peripheral? | central |
| What is the most common cause of geriatric hearing loss? | Accumulation of cerumen. |
| Pre-senile amensia is an AKA for what geriatric condition? | alzheimer's |
| What is the medical term for the clinically insignificant condition "barnacles of old age?" | Seborrheic keratosis |
| Geriatric glomerular filtration rate is generally running at what percentage of a fully functioning young kidney? | 50% less |
| Geriatrics sense of taste declines roughly what percentage, in comparison with a young, fully functioning person. | 65% decline |
| The geriatric population may lack many healthy indicators on a blood lab. What are 3 indicators that remain at normal levels? | Glucose, Calcium, and WBCs. |
| Decreased fluid and decreased fiber leads to... | constipation |
| Incontinence, the inability to control one's bowels, may have which 3 causes? Use acronym "SIN" | Stress, infection, neurogenic (cauda equina) |
| A flat skin macule less than 1cm | freckle |
| Raised, solid skin macule less than 1 cm | wart |
| Raised, serous skin vesicle less than .5cm | herpes |
| Raised, pustule less than .5cm | acne |
| what is actinic keratosis | pre-stage squamous cell carcinoma |
| Rodent Ulcers are associated with what type of cancer? | Basal cell carcinoma |
| Which skin cancer is the most invasive? | melanoma |
| Blood vessel sarcoma with purple skin lesions | Kaposi's sarcoma |
| silver scales, pitted nails, extensor presentation | psoriasis |
| AKA for eczema | contact dermatitis |
| Medical term for lice | pediculosis |
| Medical term for ringworm | tinea capitis |
| This skin is caused by ticks carrying a spirochete bacteria | Lyme disease |
| This skin condition is associated with a "herald patch lesion" | pityriasis dermatitis |
| Butterfly rash presents on the face with this predominately female condition | SLE. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus |
| Which population gets acne vulgaris? | Adolescents |
| Which population gets acne rosacea? | elderly |
| Childhood disease associated with golden flaky crust. | Impetigo |
| Medical name for Michael Jackson's de-pigmentation disease. | Vitiligo |
| What is the name for a raised red birthmark. | Hemangioma |
| What is the medical term for epidermal thickening | lichenification |
| What is the name for the white spots on inside of mouth, associated with measles? | Koplick spots |
| Thrush and leukoplakia are both white spots in the mouth. How can they be differentiated? | Thrush spots can be peeled off. |
| Name the disease associated with a "beefy red tongue" | Scarlet Fever |
| Pitted nails are associated with this skin condition | psoriasis |
| clubbed nails are associated with this breathing disorder | COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder |
| Medical term for ingrown toenail | onychocryptosis |
| What is placenta previa? | implantation of placenta in lower 1/3 of uterus |
| What is placenta abruptio? | Detached placenta |
| What is placenta accreta? | Placenta won't slough off after birth. |
| What does the corpus luteum of the ovarian follicle do? | helps begin and retain implantation of egg by releasing progestrone and estrogen |
| Name the 2 primary functions of oxytocin. | Milk let down into nipple and distension of cervix and uterus |
| Name the primary role of prolactin. | Causes mammary glands to produce milk. |
| What is the AKA for females' paraurethral glands, which cause female ejaculation? | Skene's glands |
| What is the AKA for females' vulvovaginal glands, which provide lubrication for the vagina? | Bartholin's glands |
| What is dysmenorrhea? | difficult or painful menses |
| What dyspareunia? | difficult or painful intercourse. |
| What is dytocia? | difficult and painful delivery |
| what is procidentia? | prolapsed uterus |
| Name the condition in which a woman develops HBP during pregnancy and protein is found in blood lab. | Preeclampsia. |
| What are the components of HELLP syndrome during pregnancy? | Hemolysis. Elevated liver enzymes. Low Platelets. |
| Define Nagle's rule, which gives the estimated date of delivery. | 1 year, minus 3 months, add 7 days to first day of woman's last menstrual period. |
| Where in the female anatomy does fertilization usually occur? | the ampulla |
| Name the sign that presents with blueing of the vagina caused by estrogen during pregnancy. | Chadwick's sign |
| Where is the linea negra found in pregnancy? | Running from pubis to umbilicus. |
| What are Braxton-Hicks contractions? | False contractions that happen roughly after 3 months. |
| Define quickening. | Mother feels baby move. |
| Define lightening. | Fetus begins to descend to presenting area 2 weeks before labor. |
| Define effacement in obstetrics. | Thinning of the cervix. |
| Define the 1st stage of labor. | From 1st contraction to fully dialated cervix (10cm) This is the longest stage. |
| Define the 2nd stage of labor. | Dilation to delivery of fetus. |
| Define the 3rd stage of labor. | Delivery to expulsion of placenta. |
| Define the obstretics term lochia. | Post partum, the vagina has a discharge of mucus, blood, and placental tissue for 4-6 weeks. |
| What does the acronym APGAR stand for? What is a perfect score? | Appearance. Pulse. Grimace. Activity. Respiration. 10. |
| What is the normal pulse range for a newborn? | 120-140 bpm |
| What is normal respiration rate for a newborn? | around 44 bpm |
| What would you classify a baby as if it were less then 37 weeks in utero, under 2500g and had no strong cartilage formation of the ears? | Premature. |
| What is meconium? | Newborns first few bowel movements. It is usually green and sticky. |
| A baby born with lanugo has what on it's body? | White, fluffy, downey hair. |
| At what age does the posterior fontanelle close? | 2 months. |
| At what age does the anterior fontanelle close? | 18 months. |
| In regards to a new born baby, the "string sign" on xray indicated what gastro-intestinal condition? | pyloric stenosis. |
| Name the major primitive reflexes. Use the phrase "Clearly My Balls Got Real Soft Tonight" | Chvostek's. Moro's. Babinski's. Grasp. Rooting. Suckling. |
| What is the suckling reflex? | Tap under lip and baby does sucking movements. |
| What is the rooting reflex? | Touch their cheek and they turn towards the stimulus. |
| What is the tonic neck reflex? | Turn baby's head to side. Ipsilateral extension of limbs and contralateral flexion. |
| What is the AKA for Moro's reflex? | Startle reflex. Baby raises both arms in response to sudden loud noise. |
| What antibody crosses plcenta from mom to fetus? | IgG. "Gee mom thanks." |
| What antibody is very high in mother's milk? | IgA. |
| Cow's milk may cause what condition in a newborn? | Iron deficient anemia. |
| Which 2 foods are most allergic to most newborns? | Whole milk and wheat products. |
| What is the least likely allergic food to newborns? | Rice. |
| What is the infant condtion marasmus? | Severe protein deficiency in a child under 1. Basically kwashoirkor is the same thing, only over 18 months. |
| What is the most common malnutrition disease in infants in the U.S.? | obesity |
| Name a commonly suspected cause of cerebral palsy. | Anoxia at birth. |
| What is the newborn condition "Milia" | white heads on baby's face |
| Name two tests for infant hip dysplasia. | Ortolani's and Barlow's |
| Newborn with conjunctivitis and blindness may be due to what reason? | Mom had active vaginal infection. |
| Folate deficiency in utero may lead to what type of defects? | Neural tube defects. |
| Which strain of hepatitis is often contracted at day care centers? | Hepatitis A |
| What is the most common bacteria spread at day care centers? | Giardia lambia |
| Inspiratory stridor is associated which which condition? | Pertussis or whooping cough |
| Mumps is associated with what genital condition in adults? | orchitis |
| Raccoon sign and Battle Sign occur in what newborn condition? | Basal skull fractures. |
| What psychological test is called "Rorschach Test" | Inkblot. |
| Wechsler Test is associated with what mental measure? | IQ |
| What is dystocia? | prolonged abnormal labor |
| What is colostrum? | First discharge of breast milk. |
| What is menarche? | a girls first menstral cycle. |
| What is Mittleschmerz condition? | pain at ovulation. |
| What is cholasma, or melasma? | brown hyper-pigmentation of |
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