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History Final Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Neutrality Proclamation | declared that the US would not support either side in the war in Europe |
| Jay's Treaty | called fro Britain to pay damages for seized American ships |
| Kentucky and Virgina resolutions | claimed that states can judge whether a law is constitutional |
| Whiskey Rebellion | called for a protest against taxes by backcountry farmers |
| Judiciary Act | called for one Chief Justice and five Associate Justices on the Supreme Court |
| Battle of Shiloh | one of the bloodiest Civil War battles |
| Battle of Chancellorsville | Gen Jackson's last battle |
| Battle of Fredericksburg | one of the worst defeats for the Union |
| Battle of Lake Erie | conflict that resulted in victory despite poor preparation |
| Battle of New Orleans | conflict fought after the War of 1812 ended |
| Battle of Tippecanoe | conflict that white settlers celebrated as a major victory |
| Marbury v. Madison | conflict that resulted in establishing judicial review |
| fugitive | runaway person |
| martyr | one who sacrifices his/her own life for beliefs |
| Border Ruffian | proslavery person who rode from Missouri to Kansas to battle antislavery forces |
| capitalist | someone who invests to make a profit |
| Lowell girl | someone who worked in the mills and returned home to marry |
| creole | someone born in Latin America to Spanish parents |
| Nonintercourse Act | allowed all trade except with Britain and France |
| Pinckney Treaty | allowed shipment of American goods on the Mississippi |
| Treaty of Greenville | allowed Americans' land claims in part of present-day Ohio |
| Treaty of Ghent | allowed restoration of pre-War of 1812 conditions |
| suffrage | right to vote |
| nullification | act of canceling a law |
| spoils system | practice of rewarding supporters with government jobs |
| majority | number equal to more than one-half |
| kitchen cabinet | group of unofficial presidential advisers |
| neutrality | decision not to take sides in a war |
| frigate | ship that sails fast and has many guns |
| faction | part or group that is split because of differences |
| national debt | total amount of money that a government owes to others |
| Cabinet | group of department leaders who serve the Pres. |
| trade union | organization of workers |
| artisan | skilled worker |
| nativist | group that wanted laws to limit immigration |
| amnesty | government pardon |
| black code | law severely limiting rights of freedmen |
| poll tax | fee paid to vote |
| segregation | legal separation of races |
| depression | period of declining business profits and lost jobs |
| mudslinging | use of insults to attack an opponent's reputation |
| nominating convention | meeting of delegates from all states to choose a party's candidates |
| caucus | private meeting during which powerful party members pick candidates |
| refuge | place where one is safe from persecution |
| rendezvous | place where people meet |
| siege | attack in which enemy forces surround and try to capture a city or fort |
| freedmen | former slave |
| carpetbagger | term for northerner who went tot eh South after the Ciel War |
| sharecropper | person who rented and farmed a piece of land |
| scalawag | term for a white southern Republican |
| What is an example of popular sovereignty? | In 1849, California voters approve a state constitution that bans slavery |
| What is ONE reason why PresMonroe announced the Monroe Dpctrine? | to protect Latim American republics from Euopean attack |
| What action BEST reflects Jefferson's dertermination to reduce the size and power of the Fed Govern.? | he cut the Fed. budget. |
| What effect did Abraham Lincoln's election in 1860 have on nation unity? | Several southern states seceded in protest |
| What did the Amnesty Act do? | It restored the vote to most white southerners. |
| Who would have said that railroad competition would cause them to lose money? | canal investors |
| How did African Americans in the Union Army contribute to the war effort? | They fought in major battles by 1863. |
| Henry Clay's American System failed because... | Congress would not fund new roads, bridges, and canals |
| What did temperance groups view as the most serious social problem of the 1800s? | alcohol abuse |
| What statement describes the experiences of free African Americans in the South? | States limited their rights. |
| What was a characteristic of the new politics reflected int he campaign of 1840? | Both parties competed for voters by holding rallies. |
| What was the South's dependence on the North like? | Southern planters borrowed money from northern banks to buy farm tools. |
| What group did Thomas Gallaudet reform efforts help most? | people with disabilities. |
| What new political party of the 1830s attracted former supporters of John Quincy Adams? | Whigs |
| Why did Pres. Jackson believe that the Bank of the US was unconstitutional? | He thought that states should charter banks. |
| What victory did organized factory workers gain in 1842? | right to strike |
| What was army life like during the Civil War? | Combat was deadly, but infection and disease were greater threats. |
| What was water transportation like? | Steamboats allowed farmers to ship goods quicker and cheaper. |
| What was a central influence on he styles of American painters before 1800? | European painting traditions |
| What did BOTH the South and North experience during the Civil War? | inflation |
| How was Texas admitted to the Union? | Congress passed a joint resolution accepting the annexation treaty. |
| At what battle did Texans defeat Santa Anna and win independence? | San Jacinto |
| What is an example of judicial review? | The Supreme Court rules that a new law violates the Constitution. |
| how did the work of Civil War nurses change employment opportunities for women in American society? | The outstanding performance of nurses opened up new employment opportunities for women. |
| Who served as a Confederate nurse during the Civil War | Sally Tompkins |
| What was a major result of the Whiskey Rebellion? | People realized that the new government would not tolerate violent protests. |
| What generalization can be made about the rise of Latin American nations? | Spanish colonies generally had to win independence through revolution. |
| How did the US and Britain settle their dispute over Oregon? | The US and Britain agreed to divide the land. |
| How did the Civil War begin? | Confederate troops attacked Fort Sumter, South Carolina. |
| What was the Industrial Revolution like? | It depended largely on the development of the factory system. |
| What American leader believed that the violence of the French Revolution was justified? | Thomas Jefferson |
| What was NOT an effect on he Lewis and Clark expedition? | immediate settlement of western lands by pioneers |
| How did southern Conservatives resist Reconstruction? | They resorted to violence against African Americans and white Republicans. |
| What were Reconstruction governments like? | Corruption among state officials angered white southerners. |
| What new political party of the 1830s attracted supporters of Andrew Jackson? | Democrats |
| What directly led to 8 states passing"Main Laws" after 1851? | Temperance movement |
| What adj. describes Lincoln's goals for peace? | forgiving |
| Who would have been hurt by a law requiting Yankee traders to be escorted through the Mediterranean Sea by navy ships? | Barbary pirates |
| Why did Andrew Jackson accuse Henry Clay and John Quincy Adams of making a "Corrupt Bargain" in the election of 1824? | Clay persuaded House members to vote for Adams. |
| "This war [of 1812], if carried on successfully, will have its advantages." Who would have agreed with this statement? | Henry Clay |
| What battle was fought in Pennsylvania? | Gettysburg |
| Why would an African American want to hide his books? | African Americans were not permitted to go to school. |
| What happened in both: California under Spanish Rule and California under Mexican Rule? | were often mistreated |
| What could be under California under Spanish Rule? | worked on missions |
| "To the victor belong the spoils." What were the spoils? | earned benefits |
| "To the victor belong the spoils." What does this mean? | A new President can reward his supporters with government jobs. |
| What officially challenged the Alien and Sedition acts? | certain states |
| On graph...[[know how to read]] | Irish and German immigration first increased and then fell between 1840 and 1860. |
| Election results in 1796... | Pro-British voters were in the North[[Federalist/John Adams]] |
| What effect did the Civil War have on the North AND South? | economy disrupted |
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dance109
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