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Am. Gov. Midterm
American Government Midterm Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the four features of all states? | Population, Government, Territory, Sovereignty |
| What is the Social Contract Theory? | when the people gave up their freedom to gain protection from the Government |
| Who are the founders of the Contract Theory? | John Locke and Thomas Hobbs |
| Democracy | form of Government in which the supreme authority rests with the people |
| Federalism | system of Government which powers are divided between central, national, and local Governments |
| What are the major ideas of the Declaration of Independence? | all men are created equal and we all have natural rights |
| What is the structure of the Articles of Confederation? | Congress is unicameral; no executive or judicial branch; has legislative branch |
| What is the Connecticut Compromise? | with it, it was agreed that Congress should be composed of two houses and there should be equal representation of all the states |
| Popular Sovereignty | the Government's power comes from the people |
| Checks and Balances | each branch of Government can check the power of the other branches of Government |
| Separation of Powers | the powers of Government are divided among three branches to prevent abusive power |
| How is an amendment added to the Constitution? | 1st: Proposed by a 2/3 vote in both houses; or proposed by a national convention called by Congress when requested by 2/3 of state legislatures 2nd: Ratified by state legislatures in 3/4 of the States; or ratified by conventions held in 3/4 of the stat |
| What are the checks the Congress has on the Courts? | impeach judges if they are criminal, approves amendments |
| What are the checks that Congress has on the Executive Branch? | veto override with a 2/3 vote in both houses, impeach, control spending, ratify all treaties (ONLY IN THE SENATE!) |
| Expressed Powers | delegated powers listed in the Constitution that come from the National Government |
| Implied Powers | delegated powers that come from the Necessary Proper Clause (Elastic Clause) |
| Inherent Powers | delegated natural powers that all Governments have |
| Reserved Powers | powers that belong to the state from the 10th amendment |
| Full Faith and Credit Clause | states must provide full faith and credit to all public acts, rewards, and judicial proceedings of every state |
| Extradition | when states return fugitives to the state where their crime was committed |
| Political Party | group of persons who seek to control Government through the winning of elections and holding of public office |
| 15th Amendment | rights of citizens cannot be denied on basis of race, color, or previous condition of servitude |
| 19th Amendment | right of citizens to vote cannot be denied on the basis of gender |
| 24th Amendment | citizens have the rights to vote in any primary election |
| 26th Amendment | right for people 18 and older to vote |
| Who could originally vote in the U.S.? | adult white males over 21 that were property owners |
| What are the current voting requirements in America? | at least 18, registered, and live in the state that you vote in |
| How does an open primary differ from a closed primary? | in an open primary, any qualified voter can take part in an election. in a closed primary, only declared party members can vote |
| Interest Group | private organizations whose members share certain views |
| Propaganda | persuasion aimed at influencing particular beliefs |
| Lobbying | activities by which group pressures are brought to bear on legislators |
| What are the qualifications of the Senate? | 100 people in it, must be at least 30 years old, must have a nine year residency, live in state/district you govern |
| What are the qualifications of the House? | 935 people in it, must be at least 25 years old, must have a seven year residency, live in state you govern |
| Constituency | the people and interests than an elected official represents |
| 17th Amendment | Senate must be composed of two senators from each state |
| Who has the power to declare war? | Congress |
| Which house is the lower house of Congress? | the House of Representatives |
| How are Presidential ties resolved? | the House picks the President. for Vice President, the Senate picks a new one |
| What is the process of Impeachment? | a majority vote of the House; conviction requires a 2/3 vote in Senate |
| Seniority Rule | provides that the most important posts, on both the formal and party organization, will be held by those party members with the longest records of service in Congress |
| Filibuster | an attempt to "talk a bill to death" |
| Cloture | a limiting debate procedure used to stop floor debates (needs a 3/5 vote) |
| What is the purpose of a Conference Committee? | reconciles any differences between the two house's versions of a bill |
| What is the purpose of a Rules House Committee? | grants the dates and times of a proposal |
| What are the major leadership positions of the Senate? | Speaker of the House, Major/Minor Whips |
| What are the major leadership positions of the House? | President of the Senate (Vice President), President pro tempore, Major/Minor Whips |
| What are the basic steps of a bill becoming a law? | 1. introduced to the House/Senate 2. referred to a standing committee 3. floor action 4. conference committee 5. congressional approval 6. presidential action |
| What are the four actions the President can take on a bill? | 1. sign the bill 2. veto 3. pocket veto 4. pass the bill without signing it |
| How many electoral votes are needed to win the Presidency? | 270 votes |
| How many electors are awarded per state? | each state has a number of electors equal to the states representation in Congress |
| 22nd Amendment | no person can be elected president for more than two terms (10 years) |
| 25th Amendment | in case of removal or death of the President, the VP becomes President |
| What are the positions in the line of succession to the Presidency down to the Secretary of State? | Vice President, Speaker of the House, President pro Tempore of the Senate, Secretary of State |
| Which branch of Government negotiates treaties? | the President, usually acting through the Secretary of State |
| Spoils System | the practice of giving offices and other favors of Government to political supporters and friends/family |
| What was establised in Marbury v. Madison? | judicial review |
| What are two types of jurisdiction that belong to the Supreme Court? | original and appellate |
| What are the first amendment freedoms? | freedom of religion, expression, news+press, assembly, petition |
| Free Exercise Clause | guarantees each person the right to believe whatever they want in matters of religion |
| What is the purpose of the FCC? | to regulate the public airwaves of TV and radio |
| Amendments 4-8 help the _______? | accused |
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