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Unit 5 Africa
Ms. Bain History
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Sahara | A large desert in the North of the Africa that was vast and dry. It acted as a major hazard to traders and held salt deposits that were valuable to the African people. |
| Savanna | An area just south of the Sahara where people settled so as to rely on the agriculture that thrived there. If it were not for this geographical advantage, the West African empires may never had come to power. |
| Aksum | 3rd century A.D. Aksum= part of a major trading network due to its position on the Red Sea. In the sixth century it moved more southern when Muslim invaded. It was a major trade capitol that set an example for other east coast city-states. |
| Ezana | Ruler of Axum from (325-360) who converted to christianity and was popular with the people. He influenced Aksum by bringing christian culture to it. |
| Soninke | People that lived in the savanna region and called their ruler " ghana" but then the region became known as ghana and the soninke warriors acted as active members of this region by controlling gold/salt trade |
| Sundiata | Mali's first great leader who came to rule by crushing a weak unpopular ruler. became Mali's "mansa" military leader that conquered ghana and affected Mali also by promoting agriculture and trade |
| Songhai | 1400s people from Mali broke away to find wealth eastward in Songhai, it was a powerful region that came to control major trade routes. It fell when it was conquered in 1591 by the Moroccan Army |
| Swahili | A common language that in about 1100 A.D. emerged as a combination of Arabic and Bantu |
| City-States | On the Eastern coast of Africa, provinces that relied on trade to Asia, India, Arabia, and the Mediterranean. They were significant by the way that much cultural diffusion occurred there which influenced the culture for years to come |
| Triangular Trade | The trade of slaves from Africa to Americas, raw goods from the americas to England, and manufactured goods from england. This meant that many Africans were being displaced from their homes, and also people were reliant on this new trade for wealth. |
| Ghana | 800-1076 A.D. Trade was their main source of Wealth, and it was well regulated. Most people believed in Animism Islam and they were conquered by Muslim Invaders. The first of many strong West African Empires to come. |
| Mansa Musa | A great Muslim leader of Mali (1312-1332 ruled) he was a great military leader and when he went on a hajj from 1324-25 he returned to have a major influence on Timbuktu by introducing new architecture |
| Sunni Ali | A major leader in Songhai from 1464-> about 1494 he was a military genius that majorly enlarged the Songhai region. In 1468 he conquered Timbuktu and in 1473 conquered Djenne |
| Kilwa | A wealthy city state in east Africa, south enough away from Muslim invaders. controlled trade with asia, india, arabia, and mediterranean, much blending of cultures here, and fell when conquered by the portuguese. |
| Middle Passage | The trip bringing slaves to the West Indies/Americas- brought 10,000's every year and 13 mill by 1800. The people were packed in rows lying down and it was very dirty. This passage caused the death of many would-be slaves. |
| Gold-Salt trade | Gold from banks along the Niger and Senegal rivers was traded with Salt from the sahara. the Soninke got wealthy from monitoring this trade and it was the major source of wealth in West Africa. |
| Timbuktu | A major trading City in Mali that was a religious, cultural, and intellectual center. It was made famous by Mansa Musa. |
| Askia Muhammad | A ruler of Songhai that killed a poor leader and induced a good tax system and bureaucracy. The nation thrived under his rule. |
| Mali | 1235 Mali- has emerged. its wealth was reliant on gold and was shifted to the east to adapt to knew mines. Mali was lead by strong leaders Mansa Musa and Sundiata. The kingdom fell when MM died because the followign leaders were weak. |
| Ibn Battuta | 1352 in Mali he visits Mali as a traveler and historian. He was a muslim and was both happy and upset with the state of Islam in the empire. He was a major figure of the time. |
| Sofala | A City-state in East Africa that was seized by Kilwa in the 1200s. A major trade city that had influences similar to Kilwa. |
| Great Zimbabwe | On Limpopo RIver in SE Africa. Bantu people raised cattle and also got wealth from trade. Ruled by a God-king and in 1450 was abandoned. |
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korinna.garfield
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