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LECT_2
Potassium disorders
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| hypoKalemia - primary hyperaldosteronism (2) | Conn's syndrome, bilateral adrenal hyperplasia |
| hypokalemia - primary hyperreninism (3) | renin secreting tumor, renovascular HTN, accelerated HTN |
| hypokalemia - NON-Aldo MC excess (2) | Cushing's, high cortisol |
| HypoK and HTN (1) | Liddle syndrome |
| hypokalemia INCREASED Distal Na Delivery (5) | Diuretics, Osmotic diuresis, Bartter's, Gitelman's, Mg deficiency |
| hypokalemia - NON- reabsorbable IONS (5) | Penicillins Ketoacidosis, metabolic alk. (vomit), prox. RTA, acetazolamide |
| Cellular redistribution causes of hypoKalemia (2) | Alkalosis, HypoPP |
| hypokalemia with <20 renal excretion | GI loss, probably |
| hypokalemia with >20mEq/L and low EABV | serum [HCO3] |
| hypokalemia with >20mEq/L and high EABV | check renin/aldo levels |
| hypokalemia with >20mEq/L and high EABV - ^R, ^A | renal artery stenosis |
| hypokalemia with >20mEq/L and high EABV - vR, ^A | Adrenal adenoma |
| hypokalemia with >20mEq/L and high EABV - vR, vA | Cushing's, Liddle |
| hypokalemia with >20mEq/L and high EABV > low [HCO3] | RTA |
| hypokalemia with >20mEq/L and high EABV > high [HCO3] | check Urine [Cl] |
| hypokalemia with >20mEq/L and high EABV > high [HCO3] > high urine [Cl] (4) | diuretics, Mg def., Bartter's, Gitelman |
| hypokalemia with >20mEq/L and high EABV > high [HCO3] > low urine [Cl] | NRA |
| Primary decr in Distal Na delivery (2) | acute oliguric renal failure, chronic renal failure |
| Primary DECR in MC activity (4) | Addison's, hyporeninemic hypoaldosteroism, ACEi, adrenal biosynthetic defects |
| Distal tubular defects (2) | intrinsic renal disease, diuretics (amiloride, spironolactone, triamterene) |
| Cellular redistribution (6) | cell death/ischemia, acidosis, hyperosmolality, succinylcholine, hyperPP, insulin def. |
| HypoK; neuromuscular (2) | weakness & flaccid paralysis, Rhabdomyolysis |
| HypoK; CV | cardiac arrhythmias |
| hypoK; Renal (2) | conc. defect, metabolic alkalosis |
| hypoK; metabolic | glucose intolerance |
| hyperK; CV | cardiac arrest; level of danger is predicted by EKG |
| hyperK: neuromuscular | paresthesias¶lysis |
| bactrim effect on K excretion? | blocks it! - K retention |
| hippurate, penicillins, salicylates, toluene (glue sniffing) | all NON-absorbable anions - K -wasting |
| hyperK Rx: | CaCl, beta-blockers, kayexalate, insulin |
| hypoK Rx | correct the underlying cause **treat hypoK, BEFORE treating MAc |
Created by:
MATTADOR
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