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exam review vocab
Question | Answer |
---|---|
joint stock company | backed my investors |
indentured servant | men and women sold their labor to the person who paid their passage to the colony |
puritans | a religious group that left england to escape bad treatment |
William Penn | another large landowner in america |
Roanoke | a colony that failed twice |
charter | a written contract |
House of Burgesses | a meeting place |
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut | laws that were a constitution |
Quaker | they believed that all people should live in peace and harmony |
Jamestown | the first permanent English settlement |
pilgrims | a Separatist group who founded Plymouth |
Royal Colony | there is no rule |
John Smith | a soldier and adventurer |
Mayflower Compact | an agreement that the men aboard the Mayflower signed |
proprietary colony | has an owner of the colony |
James Oglethorpe | founded georgia for refuge |
backcountry | ran along the appalachian mountains |
smuggling | importing or exporting goods illegally |
overseer | men hired my planters to watch over and direct the work of their slaves |
subsistence farming | farmers who produced enough food for themselves and sometimes a little extra to trade in town |
cash crop | crops raised to be sold for money |
appalachian mountains | they stretch from eastern canada to alabama |
triangle trade | the name given to a route with three stops |
diversity | variety |
navigation acts | had four major provisions designed to ensure that england made money from their trades |
indigo | a plant that yields a deep blue dye |
great awakening | a religious movement |
benjamin franklin | a famous american enlightenment figure |
salutary neglect | a hands off policy |
albany plan of union | the first formal proposal to unite the colonies |
proclamation of 1763 | forbade colonists to settle west of the appalachians |
jonathan edwards | one of the best known preachers |
john locke | the english philosopher |
john peter zenger | publisher of the new-york weekly journal |
george whitefield | drew thousands of people with his sermons |
magna carta | this document guaranteed important rights to noblemen and freemen |
french and indian war | a final war, decided which nation would control he northern and eastern parts of north america |
treaty of paris 1763 | ended french power in america |
pontiac's rebellion | the indians attacked the british who were refusing their supplies and taking their land |
enlightenment | emphasized reason and science as the paths to knowledge |
parliament | englands chief lawmaking body |
king george the third | the british monarch |
boycott | a refusal to buy |
quartering act | a cost saving measure that required the colonists to house the british soldiers |
stamp act | this law required all legal and commercial documents to carry an official stamp showing that a tax had been paid |
patrick henry | a member of virginias house of burgesses |
sons of liberty | a secret society that opposed british policies |
townshend acts | a way to raise revenue in colonies |
writs of assistance | search warrants |
samuel adams | a leader of the boston sons of liberty |
boston massacre | the shooting and killing of 5 laborers |
committee of correspondence | groups that exchanged letters on colonial affairs |
boston tea party | a group of men disguised themselves as indians and boarded three tea ships and destroyed 342 chests of tea |
intolerable acts | a series of laws to punish the massachusetts colony |
1st continental congress | a meeting in philadelphia to vote on banning trade with britain |
paul revere | a boston silversmith and a second messenger |
loyalist | those who supported the british |
patriot | those who sided with the rebels |
lexington and concord | the first battles of the revolutionary war |
2nd continental congress | another meeting in philadelphia and agreed to form a continental army |
benedict arnold | an officer who played a role in the victory at fort ticonderoga |
thomas jefferson | he wrote the declaration of independence |
declaration of independence | that the U.S would become independent |
sugar act | this law placed a tax on sugar, molasses, and other products shipped to the colonists |
thomas paine | he published common sense |
tea act | gave the british east india company control over the american tea trade |
george washington | the commander of the continental army |
mercenary | a professional soldier hired to fight for a foreign country |
strategy | an overall plan of action |
battles of saratoga | a series of conflicts that led to a surrendur |
bayonet | long steel knives attatched to the ends of guns |
desert | leave military duty without intending to return |
privateer | a privately owned ship that a wartime government gives permission to attack an enemy's merchant ship |
john paul jones | won the most famous sea battle; naval officer who was a hero |
lord cornwallis | a british general |
guerrilla | small bands of fighters who weaken the enemy with surprise raids and hit and run tactics |
battle of yorktown | american and french troops bombarded yorktown with cannon fire |
treaty of paris 1783 | ended the revolutonary war |
valley forge | came to stand for the great hardships that americans endured during the revolution |
marquis de lafayette | a 19 year old frech nobleman who volunteered to serve in washington's army |
treason | a sort of crime |
articles of confederation | a final plan for the national government |
land ordinance of 1785 | called for surveyors to stake out townships |
northwest territory | the townships staked out for the land ordinance of 1785 |
northwest ordinance | described how the northwest territiory was to be governed |
shay's rebellion | an uprising |
constitutional covention | the philadelphia meeting |
james madison | one of the ablest delegates |
virginia plan | proposed a plan with three branches of government |
new jersey plan | called for a legislature with only one house |
great compromise | satisfied the smaller and larger states |
three-fifths compromise | three fifths of the slave population would be counted when setting direct taxes |
federalists | those who supported the contitution |
anti-federalists | people who opposed the constitution |
the federalists papers | these essays answered to the anti federalists papers |
george mason | perhaps the most influential virginian aside from washington |
bill of rights | the ten amendments to the constitution |
popular sovereignty | a government in which the people rule |
republicanism | the people exercise their power by voting |
federalism | a system of government in which power is divided between a central government and smaller political units |
separation of powers | to avoid having too much power fall into a single groups hands |
checks and balances | each branch of government can exercise controls over the other branches |
limited government | closely related to the rule of the law |
individual rights | personal liberties and privaledges |
preamble | the intro to the constitution |