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S.S. Exam Reveiw
QOA SS Exam Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What were the 4 border states of the Civil War? | Kentucky, Maryland, Delaware, Missouri |
| What was the Unions goal at the beginning of the Civil War? | to save the union, and reunite southern states |
| Industry was the greatest resource of the _____________. (Union or Confederacy) | Union |
| _____________ enjoyed strong support from the local population. (U or C) | Confederacy |
| The ________________ strategy included holding on to territory and fighting a defensive war. (U or C) | Confederacy |
| Division in public opinion was a weakness for the ____________. (U or C) | Union |
| Having few factories was a weakness for the _____________________. (U or C) | Confederacy. |
| A history of strong military leadership was a strength for the _________________. (U or C) | Confederacy. |
| Capturing Richmond was part of the strategy of the ______________. (U or C) | Union |
| Support from Europe was key in the _______________ 's strategy. (U or C) | Confederacy |
| A strong navy was an advantage for the ______________________. (U or C) | Union |
| A larger free population was an advantage for the ____________. (U or C) | Union |
| Key Leader for the __________= Jefferson Davis. (U or C) | Confederacy |
| Key Leader for the __________= Abraham Lincoln. (U or C) | Union. |
| Key Leader for the __________=Robert E. Lee. (U or C) | Confederacy. |
| Key Leader for the _____________= Ulysses S. Grant. (U or C) | Union. |
| Who won the 1858 Illinois Senate Seat? | Stephen Douglas. |
| What crime was John Brown charged with? | Treason |
| Which party formed to keep slavery out of the west? | Republican Party |
| Where did John Brown and followers raid a federal arsenal? | Harpers Ferry, VA |
| Who became well-known through debates and speeches against Stephen Douglas? | Abraham Lincoln. |
| What is the name of the pro-slavery forces who moved into Kansas from Missouri to vote illegally in the election in favor of a slavery government? | Border Ruffians |
| What event stated that slaves were property and could not file a lawsuit? | Dred Scott vs. Sanford |
| Who was the first Republican to run for President? (hint: it's not Lincoln) | John C. Fremont |
| What was the nickname that was given to the fighting between anti- and pro-slavery groups in Kansas? | Bleeding Kansas. |
| Arsenal | a gun/ammunition warehouse |
| Compromise of 1850 | agreement that consisted of 5 different parts: 1) Admitted CA as a free state 2) Upholds popular sovereignty in New MX and Utah 3) Settles TX NM border dispute 4) est. Fugitive Slave Act 5) Bans Slave trade in DC |
| Free Soil Party | Organization whose goal was to keep slavery out of the west. |
| Wilmot Proviso | a legislative attempt to ban slavery in western lands gained from war with MX` |
| Who is Martin Van Buren? | Free-Soil presidential candidate in 1848. |
| Popular Sovereignty | Allows people to choose/ create their own government. |
| Missouri Compromise | Agreement that dealt with lands from the LA Purchase. It stated that lands above the 36* 30'N latitude line were free (except for MO) and lands below the line were slave. |
| Uncle Tom's Cabin | Novel that led to a national awareness of slavery |
| Fugitive Slave Act | Legislation that required northerners to help capture and return fugitive slaves and made them feel as if they were part of the slavery system |
| Who won the 1848 presidential election? | Zachary Taylor |
| Secede | To remove or withdraw |
| Who is Millard Fillmore? | The Know-Nothing presidential candidate for the 1856 election |
| Congressman ______________ severely beat Senator ________________ for verbally abusing a southern senator. | Preston Brooks, Charles Sumner |
| What is the historical significance of Fort Sumter SC? | it is the sight were Confederate forces fired the 1st shots of the Civil War |
| How did Southerners react to Lincoln's election? | 7 states seceded and formed the CSA |
| Which political party formed to help heal the division between the North and the South? | Constitutional Union Party |
| Which state was the 1st to secede from the Union? | SC |
| Lincoln or Douglas. Believed the slavery issue should be decided by popular sovereignty. | Douglas |
| L or D. IL senator running for reelection | Douglas |
| L or D. did not support the Kansas Nebraska Act. | Lincoln |
| L or D. Participated in public debates during 1858 | Both |
| L or D. Republican party member. | Lincoln |
| L or D. Believed slavery was morally wrong. | Lincoln |
| L or D. Disliked slavery but didnt care if it existed in the west | Douglas |
| D or L. Did not believe in true equality of blacks and whites. | both |
| L or D. Won the IL senate election in 1858. | Douglas. |
| When did Lincoln issue the Emancipation Proclamation? | After the battle of Antitem. |
| Did the Emancipation Proclamation really free slaves in the south? | No |
| What was the name of the famous African American regiment known for their bravery at Fort Wagner? | The 54th Massachusetts |
| Emancipate | to free |
| What added the goal of abolishing slavery to the Union's goals of in the Civil War? | The Emancipation Proclamation |
| Did Southerners accept Lincoln's Proclamation? | No |
| Did African Americans in the Union recieve equal pay (same as white soldiers)? | No |
| Where European nations willing to support the Confederacy after the Emancipation Proclamation? | No |
| Did the Emancipation Proclamation apply to the Border states? | No |
| Did the Emancipation Proclamation actual free any slaves? | No |
| Did Lincoln suspend Habeas Corpus in the North? | Yes |
| Why did riots take place in the North? | They were because of opposition to the Draft. |
| Who was in command of the all black units in the Union? | White officers |
| Did both the north and south establish a draft? | yes |
| Copperheads | People who were opposed to using force to keep the South in the Union |
| Profiteers | People who charged excessive prices for goods that the government desperately needed to fight the war. |
| Was inflation a problem for both the north and the south during the war? | Yes |
| Who was the democratic presidential candidate in 1864? | George McClellan. |
| Clara Barton. | Union nurse who founded the American Red Cross |
| Ulysses S. Grant | Union Commander (appointed in 1864) |
| Atlanta Campaign | military operations in north GA in the spring and summer of 1864 |
| Robert E Lee | Commander of Confederate Forces |
| Habeas Corpus | right to be charged or have a hearing before being jailed |
| Sally Tompkins | Confederate nurse who established a hospital in Richmond VA |
| Total War | a war tactic used by Sheridan and Sherman from the Union in the South in which the army completely destroys anything that could be of use to the opposing side. |
| Inflation | When prices increase while the value of money decreases. |
| Battle of Fredricksburg. | One of the most devastating loses for the Union that stopped the advance to Richmond VA |
| Battle of Shiloh | One of the bloodiest battle of the Civil War that took place along the Tennessee River |
| Monitor vs. Virginia | Naval battle that ended in a draw (stalemate) |
| Battle of Chancellorsville | Stonewall Jackson died as a result of this battle even though it was a CSA victory |
| Battle of Antietam | Although considered a strategic victory for the Union, the outcome of this Maryland battle in September was not clear |
| Battle of Gettysburg | Pickett's Charge led the COnfederates to defeat in this Pennsylvania battle |
| Battle of Bull Run/Manassas | Determined that the war would not end quickly |
| Battle of Vicksburg | The Union gained TOTAL control of the MS river |
| 3 results of the CIvil War | 1- Slavery was abolished throughout the nation 2- the south's economy was destroyed 3- High tensions and bitternes between the North and the South. |
| What was the cause of the most deaths during the Civil War? | infection and disease |
| Which border state was most crucial to the Union? | Maryland |
| The Civil War was fought from _____ to _____ | 1861; 1865 |
| Name 3 significant outcomes of the Battle of Vicksburg. | 1- The Confederate states were now split in 2 2- It boosted Grant's popularity 3- The Union gained total control of the MS river |
| What city held significant industrial and transportation for the South? | Atlanta |
| What was the term used for Northerners who went to the South after the Civil War? | Carpetbaggers |
| What was the term used for White Southern Republicans? | Scalawags |
| Who supported the idea of "New South"? | Henry Grady |
| What were Jim Crow Laws? | Laws that separated people of different races in public places in the South |
| What was the decision of the Plessy vs. Ferguson? | That segregation was legal as long as there were equal places for blacks and whites |
| Amnesty Act | Restored the right to vote to most white southerners |
| Ku Klux Klan | Used fear and terror as means of keeping African Americans and white Republicans out of office |
| Who was elected president in 1876 | Rutherford B Hayes |
| What are 3 ways in which African American rights were limited? | 1- Jim Crow Laws 2- Poll Taxes 3- Literacy tests |
| Who did not support white rue in The South? | Republicans |
| List 3 new industries in the "New South" | 1- Oil 2- Steel (iron and coal) 3- Lumber |
| In what ways did African Americans participate in politics in the new southern governments? | As: sheriffs, mayors, & governors |
| Who assassinated Abraham Lincoln? | John Wilkes Booth |
| What is the name of the government organization that helped former slaves? | Freedman's Bureau |
| What gave US citizenship to to all African Americans? | the Civil Rights Act of 1866 |
| Which amendment abolished slavery in the US? | 13th amendment |
| Who was the leading Radical republicans in the House? | Thaddeus Stevens |
| What was the rival plan against Lincoln's 10% plan? | Wade Davis Bill |
| Which amendment made it illegal to deny any citizen the right to vote because of race, color, or previous condition of servitude? | 15th amendment |
| Amnesty | a government pardon |
| Who was elected president in 1868? | Ulysses S. Grant |
| Lincoln's plan for reconstruction: | 10% plan |
| Black Codes | Laws in the south that restricted African American rights |
| List the 4 different plans for reconstruction in the South | 10% plan, Wade Davis Bill, Johnson Plan, Reconstruction Act |
| What are 3 ways in which the rights of African Americans were restricted in the South? | Poll taxes, Literacy tests, Grandfather clauses |
| Which political party did white southerners support? | Democratic Party |
| What were 3 parts of the Reconstruction Act of 1867? | 1- The South was broken into 5 military districts 2- Southern governments had to write new constitutions. 3- Southern governments had to allow African Americans to vote |
| What was a problem in the North after the war ended? | Returning soldiers couldn't find jobs |
| What was the capital of GA at the beginning of Reconstruction? | Milledgeville |
| Why did Reconstruction end? | Because: corruption in the Republican party, Radicals were losing power, Northerners grew tired of trying to rebuild the South. |
| Which military district was GA in and what other states were apart of it? | Third Military District; FL and AL |
| What was one goal of the radical republicans? | to break the power of the wealthy planters in the south |
| What did Republicans think of Lincoln's plan for reconstruction in the south? | They felt that it was to easy for the southern states to rejoin the Union. |
| What was the one plan that both the president and congress agreed on? | The Freedman's Bureau |
| What was the 14th amendment? | It defined US citizenship and made it illegal for any state to deny a person to life, liberty, or property without due process of law. |
| Segregation | Legal separation of races |
| What is the Civil Rights Act? | It gave all African Americans US citizenship/ |
| who is Hiram Revels? | African American who finished Jefferson Davis's senate term |
| Who was the leading Radical republican in the Senate? | Charles Sumner |
| Who became president when Lincoln died? | Andrew Johnson |
| Who was the 1st African American to serve a FULL term in the senate? | Blanche K. Bruce |
| What were the southerners who resisted change (Reconstruction) called? | Conservatives |
| What are grandfather clauses? | Allowed for a person to vote if his grandfather or father was registered to vote as of January 1, 1867. |
| Who was Joseph E. Brown? | He was the Confederate Governor of GA who surrendered to Union authorities. |
| Who supervised the Third Military District? | John Pope |
| Who revolutionized the tobacco industry in NC? | James Duke |
| Who did Andrew Johnson appointed as provisional governor of GA? | James Johnson |
| Who was the former Vice President of the CSA who was later appointed as senator of GA? | Alexander Stephens. |
| List 3 things that describe the life of the Plains Indians | 1- They had organized religions 2- They had an organized society 3- Each tribe had its own language |
| What animal was the most important to the Plains Indians? | The Buffalo |
| What was the one role that both men and women shared in the Plains Indians? | Passing on traditions |
| Why did miners leave the boomtowns? | because the miners had stripped the local mines of the gold and silver |
| When miners left the boomtowns became: | ghost towns |
| What are some effects of the transcontinental railroad? | Population in the West increased, Western territories began to apply for statehood, and travel became faster and cheaper. |
| Did many miners grow rich of the mines? | No |
| Why did vigilante groups form? | Because of the lawlessness and disorder in the West. |
| Who was in charge of the home life in the Plains Indians society? | Women |
| Who was in charge of the religious community in the Plains Indians Society? | Men |
| Lode | A large vein of silver and gold |
| Sun Dance | Most important religious ceremony for the Plains Indians |
| Subsidy | financial aid or land grant from the government |
| Vigilante | A self appointed law enforcer |
| Corral | An enclosure |
| Tepees | Tents made of buffalo skins |
| Transcontinental Railroad | A railroad that stretches across an entire continent |
| Jerky | Dried meat |
| Travois | a sled pulled by a dog or horse. |
| What does Lakota mean? | Friend |
| What was the name of the Apache leader who led raids on settlements in the southwest? | Geronimo |
| Who led the Nez Perce people in their journey to Canada? | Chief Joseph |
| What word mean enemy? | Sioux |
| Where was the Seventh Calvary defeated by the Lakota and Cheyenne? | Little Bighorn |
| Who led the massacre on the Cheyenne village? | Colonel John Chivington |
| Who was the leader of the Seventh Calvary? | George A. Custer |
| Who lectured about the destruction of Native American life and culture? | Susette La Fleche |
| What ceremony was supposed to bring a new world to the Native Americans? | The Ghost Dance |
| What did the Fort Laramie Treaty promise to the Native Americans? | money, animals, tools, and land that would belong to them forever (but was later broken up by the US government) |
| Why did the Cattle Kingdom end? | because: Farmers began fencing land, disease killed large #s of cattle, and railroads were being built through out the West |
| What were some of the dangers faced by cowhands? | Stampedes, prairie dog holes, and severe thunderstorms (there are more) |
| What are some examples of cow towns? | Abilene, Wichita, Caldwell, and Dodge City |
| What group of men made up most of the cowhands? | Former Confederate soldiers. |
| What was a danger to the Lakota way of life? | killing buffalo for sport |
| What did the Plains Indians use to make Tepees? | Buffalo skins |
| How did Plains Indians hunt buffalo before the introduction of the horse? | They would trap them in corrals |
| What was one thing the women would do with the buffalo meat? | Dry it out to make jerky |
| Why did boomtowns develop? | as a result of the miners rapidly moving out west to mine for gold and silver |
| How did the cowhands acquire their skills? | They learned from the Vaqueros |
| What was the nickname given to the farmers on the Great Plains? | Sodbusters |
| Why would farmers form Cooperatives? | To help raise their crop prices and reduce shipping costs, as well as buying items at whole sale |
| Wholesale | When you buy large quantities of goods for lower prices |
| What were some of the roles of Plains Indian women? | Watching children, making crafts and baskets and blankets, and preparing food. |
| What were some of the roles of Plains Indian men? | Hunting, passing on skills to young boys, and supervising the spiritual community |
| How did the Native Americans use the buffalo? | for Shelter, food, and clothing |
| What were some of the tools that cowhands used? | Wide brimmed hats, Lariats, and chaps. |
| What was the cowhands GREATEST fear? | a stampede |
| What were some characteristics of cow towns? | There was a main street, hotels, saloons... |
| What were some dangers caused by the dry climate of the Great Plains? | grass fires, crop failure (due to drought), and grasshopper swarms destroying crops |
| What were 2 well known cooperatives? | The Grange and the Farmers Alliance |
| What were some goals/ideas of the Populist party? | An 8 hour workday, establishing and income tax, limiting immigration |
| How did ranchers distinguishing which cattle they owned? | they branded the cattle. Each rancher had its own brand |
| What marked the end of the Ghost Dance for Native Americans? | The Wounded Knee massacre |
| Why did lawlessness exist in many boomtowns? | because the towns grew quickly without any kind of organized government |
| Why did the large industries come to control the mining business? | Because they could afford the machinery to mine the minerals |
| Who was Sitting Bull? | Lakota war chief who fought at the battle of Little Bighorn |
| What was the Oklahoma land rush? | When farmers competed for the free homesteads in 1889. |
| Who was the Republican who won the 1896 election? | William McKinley |
| What was the name of a major site where gold was found? | Comstock Lode |
| Sooners | People who grabbed land in the Great Plains before the official date |
| What was the purpose of the Homestead Act? | To encourage people to settle in the West |
| Which railroad company built the line from Omaha Nebraska westward? | Union Pacific Railroad |
| Exodusters | Former slaves who bought land in the Great Plains |
| Which railroad company built the line from Sacramento California eastward? | Central Pacific Railroad |
| Who wrote the book A Century of Dishonor? | Helen Hunt Jackson |
| Who was responsible for the massacre of the Cheyenne village? | John Chivington |
| What was the steel capital of the US? | Pittsburgh |
| Was the Sherman Antitrust Act effective in eliminating trusts? | No |
| What did the rise in the railroad industry create in terms of jobs? | It created a need for more jobs in the lumber, steel, and coal industries |
| Who was Andrew Carnegie? | He was a Scottish immigrant who became really rich off of the steel industry. |
| Who was J. Pierpont Morgan? | Most powerful banker of the late 19th century and the owner of the US Steel Company (A. Carnegie's steel company) |
| Vertical Integration | acquiring control of all steps/industries that change a raw material to the finish product |
| Gauges | the width of the railroad tracks. The standardization of the gauges greatly improved US railroad systems |
| Who was Cornelius Vanderbilt? | Used his fortune from steamship lines to buy p railroad lines. |
| Who was John D Rockefeller? | He started the Standard Oil Company |
| What was the Bessemer Process? | It was a way to produce steel and allowed for railroad companies to built steel railways |
| What did George Westinghouse invent? | The locomotive air brake |
| Corporation | A business that is owned by investors and a board of directors |
| Dividends | Profits that stockholders received from a corporation |
| What are 3 inventions that Thomas Edison create? | The phonograph, carbon telephone transmitter, and the incandescent lamp/light bulb |
| What are the 3 major business giants from nineteenth century? | J Pierpont Morgan, Andrew Carnegie, and John D Rockefeller |
| Why were people against labor unions? | Because the courts were ruling against them, the government was siding with business owners, and there were violent in the West |
| Why couldn't trains from different lines share tracks prior to 1886? | Because Northern and southern lines used different gauges |
| What were some dangers of the workplace in the late 19th century? | gas explosions, cave-ins, and dust filled air (and many more) |
| What were the goals of the Knights of Labor? | Shorter workday, equal pay for men and women, and having employees and owners share in business ownership. |
| How did John D. Rockefeller eliminate competition? | He earned rebates from rail lines and pressured costumers into not dealing with other companies |
| The Bessemer Process revolutionized the ________ industry. | Steel |
| How did railroad companies eliminate competition? | Rebates and Pools |
| How did Andrew Carnegie increase his wealth? | Through vertical integration |
| Did the Sherman Antitrust Act succeed in breaking up trusts and monopolies? | No |
| Did the moving assembly line increase or decrease the price of automobiles? | Decrease |
| Which was more successful: AFL or Knights of Labor? | AFL |
| What event convinced the public and the government that new safety measures were needed in the workplace? | The Triangle Fire |
| Who developed the safety razor with the disposable blades? | King Gillette |
| Who was known as the Wizard of Menlo Park? | Thomas Edison |
| Who created the fountain pen? | Lewis E Waterman |
| Who created the automatic lubricating device? | Elijah McCoy |
| General Electric grew out of ______________'s company | Thomas Edison |
| Who established the National Geographic Society? | Alexander Graham Bell |
| Who created the moving assembly line (associated with automobile industry)? | Henry Ford |
| Orville and Wilbur Wright | Pioneers in flight |
| Whose invention allowed for 700 pairs of shoes to be made per day? | Jan Matzeliger |
| Who developed the passenger elevator brake? | Elisha Otis |
| Who developed the telephone with the help of Thomas Watson? | Alexander Graham Bell |
| Who developed the QWERTY keyboard and was also involved with politics? | Charles Sholes |
| What did the writers who were realists try to do? | Show life as it really was |
| What were some means of solving the traffic problems in the late 1800s? | Bridges, Trolleys/streetcars, and Subways (faster trains) |
| Who was the most famous and popular author in between 1865 and 1914? | Mark Twain |
| What were a few different types of new forms of entertainment in the late 19th century? | Baseball, football, basketball, ragtime, and vaudeville |
| Local Color | The use of regional speech patterns in writing |
| Yellow Journalism | Sensational Writing |
| Compulsory Education | Making school mandatory by law |
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