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United States Gvt
Final Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What type of primary system does California have? | California has an open primary system. |
| What is the direct democratic procedure known as recall? | is a device by which voters can petition for a special election to remove an official from office before his term has expired. |
| What is the direct democratic procedure known as the direct initiative? | permits registered voters to place a proposed law or constitutional amendment on the ballot. |
| Be familiar with both types of referendums | First type allows voters to repeal a law passed by the legislature. This type rarely appears on the ballot. The second type of referendum is one submitted to the voters by the legislature rather than by petition, most frequently used for bond measures. |
| What are some of the criticisms of the initiative process? | |
| What is redistricting? | District boundaries are redrawn every 10 years. |
| According to proposition 20, what political authority has the power to redistrict the congressional districts? | a 14 member redistricting commission comprised of Democrats, Republicans, and members representatives of neither party to redraw the congressional districts. |
| According to proposition 25, what is the percentage of votes that is required in the California legislature to pass the annual budget? | 51% |
| According to proposition 25, what is the percentage of votes that is required in the California legislature to pass a tax bill? | 2/3rds |
| What is fiscal policy? | Economic policies involving taxing, spending, and deficit levels of the national government. |
| What obligation or obligations does the California constitution require the governor and the state legislature to do when creating the state's budget? | |
| What was the S.A.L.T. agreement? | The Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty. Signed by President Nixon and Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev. |
| Which power does California's governor have that even the President of the U.S. does not have? | |
| Information about California's lieutenant governor? | |
| What are the specific characteristics that describe the conservative ideology? | |
| What are the specific characteristics that describe the liberal ideology? | |
| What are the characteristics of political correctness? | Repression of attitudes, speech & writings that are deemed racist, sexist, homophobic, or otherwise "insensitive". Intimidation is frequent. |
| What are the purposes of our government according to the U.S. Constitution? | Establish justice and insure domestic tranquility, Provide for the common defense, Promote the general welfare and to secure the blessings of liberty. |
| What principles of government was there a consensus on among the Founding Fathers at the Constitutional Convention? | Liberty & Property: Purpose of government is to protect individual liberty and property. They believed in natural law that endowed each person with ceratin inalienable rights- life, liberty, and property. |
| The National Supremacy Clause of Article VI of the Constitution | It has been interpreted to mean that the United States Supreme Court can declare that state laws in violation of the Constitution or of federal laws “made in direct pursuance” of the Constitution should not be enforced. |
| What are some of the unintended consequences of term limits in the California legislature? | |
| What is separation of powers? | Constitutional division of powers among the 3 branches of the national government- legislature, executive and judicial. S/P created by Articles I,II and III of the constitution. Created to place internal controls on the national government’s power. |
| The principle of checks and balances | Constitutional provisions giving each branch of the national government certain checks over the actions of other branches. C/B ensures each branch must depend on another branch to achieve its goals. |
| What is the definition of federalism? | A constitutionally created system of dividing power between the national governement and the state governments. |
| What are the things the Founding Fathers believed a federal system would accomplish? | protect liberty, disperse power and encourage policy innovation. |
| What does the Necessary and Proper Clause in the U.S. Consitution allow Congress to do? | Grants Congress the power to enact all laws that are “necessary and proper” for carrying out those responsibilities specifically delegated to it. |
| Which clause of the U.S. Constitution, as amended, delegates power to the state governments or to their people? | The reserved powers clause: AKA The tenth amendment |
| The Full Faith and Credit Clause of the U.S. Constitution | Requires states to give legal recognition to actions and decisions taken by other states. Ensures that contracts, property ownership, insurance, civil judgments, marriages and divorces made in one state are recognized in all states. |
| What are the dangers that can occur as a result of the public being ill informed on political issues? | Allows public officials flexibility when formulating public policy. Allows lobbyists, interest groups, commentators & reporters to have increased influence. Allows the media the opportunity to influence policy indirectly by shaping popular opinion. |
| What is the best predictor of presidential election outcomes? | Economic conditions |
| What is the definition of interest groups? | Organizations that seek to obtain at least part of their goals by directly influencing government policy. |
| How do interest groups influence federal judges? | Groups cannot influence judges directly, they heavily lobby congress to affect the outcome of federal judicial confirmations. |
| What are the media doing when they perform the function of "interpreting"? | Editors, reporters, and anchors provide each story with a “spin” in the way they interpret a story and speculate on its meaning and consequences. |
| What are the media doing when they perform the function of "persuading"? | efforts to change our attitudes, opinions, and behaviors. |
| What are the media doing when they perfom the function of "socialization"? | The media has the power to teach us what are “acceptable” and ”unacceptable” ways of life in our culture and in our value system. |
| Which branch of the federal government did the nation's Founder's believe would be the strongest? | Congress |
| When bills deal with more than one subject, which member of the House of Representatives determines which committee it will go to?= How are the proportions of Democrats and Republicans determined on each committee in Congress?= Who is the most powerful pe | The speaker |
| When bills deal with more than one subject, which member of the House of Representatives determines which committee it will go to? | |
| How are the proportions of Democrats and Republicans determined on each committee in Congress? | Reflect their proportion in the House and the Senate as a whole. |
| Who is the most powerful person and is the leader of the House of Representatives? | The Speaker of the House |
| Who is the most powerful person and is the leader of the Senate? | Majority Leader- Harry Reid |
| What are the powers of the Senate? | Ratifies treaties, confirms president’s judicial and executive nominations. |
| In general, does California get more or less aid then other states and does California receive more money from the federal government than it sends? | It does not get more aid than other states & it sends more money to the federal government than it receives. |
| What types of services do special districts in California provide? | |
| Which are some of the most powerful interest groups in California? | |
| What is the purpose or purposes of the National Security Council? | The basic protection and defense of the nation. |
| Facts concerning the California Supreme Court | |
| What is the most important factor in determining a president's ability to succeed in getting his legislation passed by Congress ? | Which party controls Congress |
| Which factors affect the president's persuasive power as the global leader? | American Economy, military, and when the president is seen as having the support of the American people and of congress |
| Which factor gives the president the MOST POWER when exercising foreign policy? | Power of being Commander in Chief |
| The doctrine of judicial restraint | judges should not read their own philosophies into the Constitution and should avoid direct confrontations with Congress, the president, and the states whenever possible. |
| The Courts of Appeal | They do not hold trials or accept new evidence, but consider only the records of the trial courts and oral or written arguments submitted by attorneys. |
| District Courts | |
| What chambers are in the California legislature? | |
| What is the definition of gross domestic product? | is the measure of economic performance in terms of the nation’s total production of goods and services for a year, valued in terms of market prices. |
| What are the powers of the California legislature? | |
| WHat does monetary policy refer to? | Economic policies involving the money supply, interest rates and banking activity. |
| What is the definition of entitlement programs? | Social welfare programs that provide classes of people with legally enforceable rights to benefits. |
| The characteristics of the Council-Manager form of city government | |
| What is the definition of the national debt? | The total debt accumulated by the national government over the years. |
| What is or are true of the U.N. modernly? | Currently 192 member nations, most headed by anti-democratic regimes. Western democracies outnumbered by these regimes. UN must rely on the U.S. to enforce its resolutions. UN riddled by scandal & inefficient spending; thereby eroding its support in U.S. |
| In what ways has the California legislature successfully eliminated party competition in the California Senate and Assembly districts? | |
| California judicial appointment process | |
| How can the California legislature override a governor's veto? | |
| California bonds | |
| Proposition 13 | |
| When did Al Qaeda begin attacking U.S. interests? | 1998 |
| What did the Brown decision lead to? | |
| What constitutional right does the Sixth Amendment provide to the accused? | |
| How has the U.S. Supreme Court defined obscenity? | |
| Details of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 | |
| What is a plea bargain? | |
| What is progressive taxation defined as? | System of taxation in which higher income groups pay a larger percentage of their income in taxes than do lower income groups. |
| What was the result of the Plessey case? | |
| What is probable cause? | |
| What must a public figure or public official prove to win a libel suit? | |
| In 1982 what did the U.S. Supreme Court rule in regards to the children of illegal aliens? | |
| What is legal guilt? | |
| What is regressive taxation defined as? | System of taxation in which lower income groups pay a larger percentage of their incomes in taxes than do higher income groups. |
| What constitutional amendment did the U.S. Supreme Court base its ruling on in the Brown case? | |
| What does the Eighth Amendment forbid? | |
| Details of the exclusionary rule | |
| What does the Bill of Rights protect us from? | |
| Which constitutional amendment did the U.S. Supreme Court use to extend the Bill of Rights to the states? | |
| What did the U.S. Supreme Court rule in the Cruzan case? | |
| What does freedom of the press protect us from in most circumstances? | |
| What is the Lemon test? | |
| What is the rule stated by the U.S. Supreme Court regarding speech plus conduct? | |
| What is the rule stated by the U.S. Supreme Court regarding pure speech? | |
| What is the exception created in the Pentagon Papers case? | |
| When can a government prevent one from exercising his religious behavior and not violate the Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment? | |
| How did the South react to the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in the Brown case to "desegregate with all deliberate speed?" | |
| What did the Thirteenth Amendment do? | |
| Details of NATO | Security pact whose members pledged to defend each other if attacked. Regional security. |
| California's ethnic and religious demographics | |
| What types of services do cities and counties in California provide? | |
| The mayor-council form of city government | |
| What did the U.S. Supreme Court rule in Boumediene v. Bush? | |
| What did the U.S. Supreme Court rule in District of Columbia v. Heller? | |
| What is the "Vietnam Syndrome"? | Following defeat in Vietnam- Some Americans became reluctant to use the military intervention whether or not U.S. vital interests were at stake. Led to Americans being unwilling to believe their leaders when they warned of dangers. |
| In order to prevent inflation, what may the Federal Reserve Board do? | The fed acts to limit the supply of money by raising interest rates. |
| What is the election strategy that the incumbent would use? |
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