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Fall Semester Vocab
Fall Semester Vocab SS
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Joint-stock Company | to raise money they turned to the joint-stck company |
| Charter | Was a written contract |
| Jamestown | They named the first pemanent english settlement |
| John Smith | A soldier and adventurer, took control |
| Indentured Servant | Those who could not afford passages to America were encouraged to become Indentured Servants |
| House of Burgesses | Created in 1619, became the first representative assembly in the American colonies |
| Pilgrims | Were separatist |
| Mayflower Compact | Agreement made by the men who sail to America on the Mayflower |
| Puritans | Religious groups |
| Fundamental orders of Connecticut | Set of laws that were established in 1639 |
| Proprietray Colony | Colony with a single owner |
| William Penn | Became another large landowner in America |
| Quaker | To his fathers disapproval |
| Royal Colony | Carolina became Royal Colony |
| James Oglethorpe | Founded Georgia as a refuge for debtors |
| Roanoke | An independent city of southwest Virginia west-southwest of Richmond |
| Backcountry | Colonial region that ran along the Appalachian Mountains through the far eastern part of New England, Middle colonies, and Southern colonies |
| Subsistence Farming | A farm that produces enough food for there family and additional trade |
| Triangular trade | The name given to a trading route with tree stops |
| Navigation Acts | Series of laws passed by Parliament in 1651, to ensure England made money from trade |
| Smuggling | Importing or Exporting goods illegally |
| Cash crop | Crop grown by a farmer to be sold for money |
| Diversity | Variety in its people |
| Indigo | a plant that yields a deep blue dye |
| Overseer | Men hired by planters to watch over and direct the work of slaves |
| Appalachian Mountains | Stretched from eastern Canada south to Alabama |
| Great Awakening | Religous movement |
| Jonathan Edwards | One of the best-known preachers |
| George Whitefeild | Drew thousands of people with his sermons and raised funds to start a home for orpans |
| Enlightenment | Empasized reason and science as the paths to knowledge |
| Benjamin Franklin | Famous amaerican enlightenment figure |
| John Locke | English philosopher |
| Magana Carta | Great charter |
| Parliament | Engalands chief lawmaking body |
| Salvatary neglect | Hands-off policy of england toward it american colonies during the first half of the 1700s |
| John Peter Zenger | Publisher os the New york weekly journal |
| French and indian war | the war between the French and British each aided by different Indian tribes that formed part of the North American Seven Years War |
| Albany plan of union | First formal proposal to unite the colonies |
| Treaty of paris | Britain claimed all of the north american of the mississippi river |
| Proclamation of 1763 | Forbade colonists to settle west of the appalachians |
| Pontiacs Rebellion | Although the outlaw war leader pontiacs was only one of many organizers |
| King George III | The british monarch |
| Quartering Act | This was a coast saving measure the required the colonies to quarter, or house, british soldiers and provide them with supplies |
| Stamp Act | This law required all legal and commercial documents to carry an official stamp showing that a tax had been paid |
| Patrick Henery | A member of the virginias house of burgesses |
| Boycott | A refusal to buy british goods |
| Sons of liberty | Were lawyers, merchants, and craftspeople-the colonists most affected by the stamp act. |
| Townshend Act | Charles Townshend, told parliament that he had a way to raise revenue in the colonies, so parliament pass his plan known as the townshend act |
| Writs of Assistance | Search warrants |
| Samuel Adams | A leader of the boston sons of liberty |
| Boston Massacre | A clash between british soldiers and boston colonists in 1770 in which five of the colonists, including crispus attucks, were killed |
| Committe of Correspondence | These groups exchanged letters on colonial affairs |
| Boston tea party | The dumping of 342 chests of tea into boston harbor by colonists in 1773 to protest the tea act |
| Intolerable Act | A series of laws enacted by parliament in 1774 to punish Massachusetts colonists for the boston tea party |
| First continental congress | Delegates voted to ban all trade with britain until the intolerable acts were repealed |
| Paul Rever | A boston silversmith |
| Loyalist | Those who supported the british |
| Patriot | Those who sided with the rebels |
| Lexington and Concord | Were the first battles of the revolutionary war |
| Second continental congress | A governing body whose delegates agreed in may 1775 to form the continental army and to approve the declaration of independence |
| Benedict Arnold | Was an officer who had played a role in the victory at fort ticonderoga |
| Thomas Jefferson | Was on the committee of the declaration of independence |
| Declaration of Independence | The document, written in 1776 in which the colonies declared independence from britain |
| Sugar Act | This law placed a tax on sugar,molasses, and other products shipped to the colonies |
| Thomas Paine | American Revolutionary leader and pamphleteer who supported the American colonist's fight for independence and supported the French Revolution |
| Tea Act | The Tea Act was an Act of Parliament of the Parliament of Great Britain to expand the British East India Company's monopoly on the tea trade to all British Colonies selling excess tea at a reduced price |
| George Washington | Became the general of the continental army |
| Mercnary | Is a professional soldier hired to fight for a forigen country |
| Strategy | An overall plan of action-to seize the Hudson River Valley |
| Battles of Saratoga | A series of conflicts between british soldiers and the continental army |
| Bayonet | Long steel knives attached to the ends of guns |
| Desert | Leave military duty without intending to return |
| Privateer | Privately owned ship that a wartime government gives permission to attack an enemy's merchant ships |
| John Paul Jones | Won the most famous see battle |
| Lord Cornwallis | British General |
| Guerrillas | Small bands of fighters who weaken the enemy with surprise raids and hit-and-run attacks |
| Battle of Yorktown | The american and french troops bombarded Yorktown with cannon fire turning the buildings into rubble |
| Benedict Arnold | was a general during the American Revolutionary War |
| Treaty Of Paris 1783 | formally ended the American Revolutionary War between the Kingdom of Great Britain and the United States of America |
| Valley Forge | was the site of the military camp of the American Continental Army over the winter of 1777–1778 in the American Revolutionary War |
| Marquis de Lafayette | Was a 19 year old French nobleman who volunteered to serve in Washington's army |
| Treason | is the crime that covers some of the more serious acts of betrayal of one's sovereign or nation |
| Articles of Confederation | were the first constitution of the United States and specified how the Federal government was to operate, including adoption of an official name for the new nation, United States of America |
| Land Ordinance of 1785 | Called for the surveyors to stack out six-mile-square plots, called townships, in the western lands |
| Northwest Territory | Included land that formed the states oh ohio, indiana, michigan, illinois, and wisconsin and part of michigan |
| Northwest Ordinance | Described how the northwest territory was to be governed |
| Shays Rebellion | As the uprising came to be known, the farmers won the sympathy of many people |
| Constitutional convention | As the philadelphia meeting became known, were a very impressive group |
| James Madison | Madison had read more than one hundred books on government in preparation for the meeting |
| Virginia Plan | was a proposal by Virginia delegates, drafted by James Madison while he waited for a quorum to assemble at the Constitutional Convention of 1787 |
| New Jersey Plan | was a proposal for the structure of the United States Government proposed by William Paterson at the Constitutional Convention on June 15, 1787 |
| Great Compromise | was an agreement between large and small states reached during the Constitutional Convention of 1787 that in part defined the legislative structure and representation that each state would have under the United States Constitution. |
| Three-Fifths Compromise | For every 5 slaves would count as 3 people for purpose of representation and taxation |
| Federalists | The people who supported the constitution |
| Anti-Federalists | The people who opposed the constitution |
| The Federalists Papers | These essays first appeared as letters in the New York newspaper |
| George Mason | The most influential Virginian aside from washington |
| Bill of Rights | was on of the first acts of the new government |
| Popular Sovereignty | government in which the people rule |
| Republicanism | Belief that the government should be based on the consent of the people |
| Federalism | A system of government where power is shared among the central government and states |
| Separation of powers | Division of belonging to an owner or master |
| Checks and Balances | Ability of each branch of government to exercise checks or controls over the other branches |
| Limited Government | Principle that requires all us citizens including government leaders to obey the law |
| Individual Rights | Personal liberty and privilege guaranteed to us citizens by the bill of rights |
| Preamble | A preliminary statement especially the introduction to a formal document that serves to explain its purpose |
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