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NUTR 425 Ex 3 Random
Questions from throughout the NUTR 425 exam study guide.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the simplest class of lipids? | Fatty Acids |
| At which end of the fatty acid chain does delta numbering start? | The carboxylic acid end |
| Name 18:3n3 | alpha linolenic acid |
| List the two essential fatty acids and explain why they are essential. | linoleic and alpha linolenic; These are essential because human lack Δ12 and Δ15 desaturases that are necessary to add double bonds to 18 carbon fatty acid chains |
| This form of fat comprises 95% of dietary fat. | Triglycerides |
| Name a triglyceride with palmitic acid, oleic acid, and stearic acid in the 1, 2, and 3 positions, respectively | 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-3-stearoyl glycerol |
| The most common sterol | Cholesterol |
| This enzyme is secreted by serous glands under the tongue and works on FA with 12C or less | lingual lipase |
| What is signaled by the release of CCK? What causes the release of CCK? | gallbladder releases stored bile; fat in the small intestine |
| What enzyme hydrolyzes cholesterol? | cholesterol ester hydrolase |
| Bile salts do not cross into the enterocyte and are returned to the liver by what route? | the portal vein (lymphatic) |
| Which lipoprotein contains the least protein? The most? | chylomicron; HDL |
| These confer specificity to lipoproteins. | apoproteins |
| What is the primary function of LDL? of HDL? | transport of cholesterol to the tissues; removal of cholesterol from cells where it has accumulated and return it to the liver for excretion in bile |
| How many ATP are consumed in the activation of a fatty acid by coenzyme A? | 2 (ATP --> AMP + PPi) |
| What molecule is used to transfer long chain fatty acids into the mitochondria? | carnitine |
| Calculate the ATP yield of stearate. | 8 C-C cleavages, 9 Acetyl CoAs oxidized, -2 ATPs for activation = 146 ATP from stearate |
| Name the starting molecule in cholesterol synthesis | Acetyl CoA |
| List the two key components of the fatt acid synthase system | Acyl carrier protein (ACP) and Condensing Enzyme (CE) |
| Name the 3 categories of eicoanoids | Prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes |
| What does PDGF do? | Attracts monocytes to damaged areas in arteries. |
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