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Chapter 4 Socials
history
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 2 choices of Scottish tenant farmers | -move to industrialized cities -move to BNA |
| How Lord Selkirk proposed to solve crisis within HBC group & problems associated with crofters (/2) | -using his fortune to create agricultural colonies for displaced crofters. -1810: established settlements in Upper Canada + Maritimes |
| Red River Valley modern day location | North Dakota, South Manitoba |
| 2 policies of Miles Macdonnell to protect new colonists entering Red River area | -Pemmican Proclamation -ordering NWC employees to vacate their posts in Red River Balley within 6 months. |
| Main events that led up to Battle of 7 Oaks (/5) | 1. 1816: group of Metis + Grant raided HBC boat brigade on Assiniboine River 2. They seized a lot of pemmican 3. A month later, Grant + group of Metis arrived at RRC. 4. SEMPLE + 28 of his men rode to Metis. 5. Semple + 20 men, exc. 1 Metis killed |
| Important Leaders: NWC/Metis (/3) | Duncan Cameron, Cuthbert Grant, Louis Riel |
| Important Leaders: HBC/ Selkirk Settlers | -Miles Macdonnell, Colin Robertson, Robert Semple (SS) - Lord Selkirk, John Schultz, William McDougall, Thomas Scott, John A. Macdonald |
| Revisionism | passing of time can sometimes revise, the meaning of events, or change someone's reputation for better or worse |
| Rupert's Land | area around Hudson's Bay named after cousin of King Charles II of England |
| Pieces | 40kg bale |
| Factors | local bosses of HBC for fur trade |
| Montrealers | group of English merchants from Montreal who seized NWC |
| Hivernants | individuals who stayed in country and shared in profits of NWC |
| Bullishness | relaxed trading practices of NWC, inclding the selling of alcohol to natives + optimism in $ matters |
| Portage | moving boats from body of water to another |
| Headhunter | person who looks for skilled employees on behalf of a company HBC used this as a currency in the fur trade |
| Canot du nord (used by who, length, capacity, paddled by, material) | small boats that the NWC used in the Northwest. They were about 7m long, could carry 1500kg of cargo, and were paddled by 6 people. East Coast= birch, West Coast= Cedar. Canots du Nord were used in small rivers. |
| canot du maitre | canoes used by the NWC for the journey from Fort William to Montreal (used on large rivers) |
| drainage baisin | land drained by rivers |
| York boats (material, used by who, length, capacities, where used) | -a double ended boat made of wood, by HBC -13 meters long, could be sailed or paddles -First ones 3000 kg, newer ones 6000 kg -Lake Superior |
| middle man | acts as dealer between two parties who want to exchange goods |
| Bois rule/ literal meaning | -what people of French-Native ancestry used to call themselves. -burnt wood |
| HBC Bullishness allowed NWC to | stretch its networks as far west as BC, as far north as Great Slave Lake |
| Seigneurial pattern | long-lot patterns used in New France |
| Pemmican | mix of dried meat, fat, lard and/or berries |
| Who encouraged fur traders to marry natives? Why? | NWC, because they thought it would help ensure trading loyalty |
| Who forbade its employees to marry natives? Why? What did it try to issue? Was it successful? | HBC, because they were concerned about supporting too many descendants, tried to issue a celibacy policy (unsuccessful) |
| Why Metis Bison hunts were strict? What was one example of punishment | helped prevent conflict, death, injury ... Destruction of property |
| indirect trade | When you intend on buying something from somebody, but you have to go through someone else, causing more money to be spent |
| direct trade | trade with one person |
| 1821 | HBC + NWC merged Both companies were struggling financially, there were lawsuits over the Red River Colony, and neither company could survive full-scale operations. |
| Shares of HBC | 45% |
| Shares of NWC | 55% |
| Who's trade route was more efficient and why? | HBC because it provided ships and easier transportation |
| Who was George Simpson? What was he known as? Why? | He was the new head of the HBC, and was a Scottish sugar broker. He was known as the Little Emperor due to his small stature and autocratic manner |
| Why free trade of 1849 was victory for Metis? | HBC monopoly had been broken despite the judge's hostality (Adam Thom) |
| Adam Thom | Judge presiding over 4 Metis men charged with illegal trading. He was hostile towards French speaking Metis. |
| Bannock | type of flatbread |
| Who was George Simpson's wife? What age was she when he married her? | Frances Simpson, 18 |
| Why wasn't G. Simpson well liked in Red River area? | racist, unmerciful, autocratic, many Metis relatives but refused to communicate with them |
| What does Frances Simpson announce? | She wouldn't communicate with Metis relatives of HBC employees |
| What happened as a result of the Simpsons' attitudes toward society? (RRC) | Isolated from the community |
| "Warden of the Plains" | looks after bison hunt |
| These three people/ groups were problems (Hint: merger) | Cuthbert Grant, Robert Semple, White Settlers the problem |
| Why were the R. River Carts unique? | made of wood only- NOTHING ELSE! |
| 6 things that increased tension in Red River area | crop failure, protestants, economic problems, bison disappearing, cash strapped HBC lost interest in area, Schultz championed Canadian interests, addt'ly; Metis never made legal claim to their land |
| Why HBC wanted to relinquish control over Rupert's land | -difficult to control vast territory -more settlers moving into Northwest |
| When did the Canadian government receive control of Rupert's land? Who did they need? How did this result in a rebellion? | November 1869, needed Louis Riel, the Metis weren't informed of this event + Canadian government & HBC planning on selling land |
| Was Riel's provisional government lega? Two reccomendations of this? | It was illegal, creation of Manitoba, Metis List of Rights |
| Riel seized Schultz and who else? Why? | 48 of his followers, they had plotted to free prisoners |
| Who executed Thomas Scott and why? | Louis Riel/ his provisional government, because he was being rude to the prison guards and threatened to kill Riel |
| Metis National Committee (MNC) | Committee formed by Riel and other Metis to represent Metis interests |
| Dr. John Schultz (/3) | -one of first immigrants in 1860 -didn't complete medical degree, interested in business -took over NorWester |
| What did the Metis list of rights do? Was in Canadian or American? When were they adopted? | Canadian document, Canadian, December 1, 1869 |
| Entered Confederation on May 2, 1780 + 2 concessions created for Metis | Manitoba -Metis List of Rights (Manitoba Act), 1.4 million acres of land |
| What happened to Louis Riel and members of provisional government? | Louis tried to flee the Winnipeg area because he was afraid of being killed. The other members who remained in the area were given amnesty, whereas Riel wasn't. |
| First 5 provinces to join Canada | Quebec, Ontario, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Manitoba |
| Result of Rupert's Land being transfered to government | Received title to Rupert's Land (from Northwest Territories), Canada doubled in size, HBC received 1.5 million $/ 2.8 million acres of land |
| Who purchased Alaska from who and when? | The US purchased Alaska from Russia in 1867 |
| Manifest Destiny (/3) | (annexation manifesto) believed that is was the US’ destiny to control all of North America. It was published after rioting. It was plan for the US to take over Canada |
| BNA Act | caused Canada to become dominion |
| Fort Garry (seized by/why, what/when was created here, company, who imprisoned here) | -Fort Garry Seized by Riel -Metis List of Rights(Dec.1, 1869) -HBC trading fort -seized by Riel due to firearms -Scott and Schultz imprisoned here |
| Orange Order | violent movement/ group of people who hated French and Catholics |
| Manitoba Act (/4) | 1.4 million acres of land for Metis, Catholic + Protestant education, ensured rights of Metis, made French and English official languages of province |
| Land Scrip | certificates from Land Office granting people private ownership of certain portions of public lands,to Métis families by special warrant called "scrip." |
| Thomas Scott | Ontario Orangeman, member of the Canadian part, was executed by Riel’s provisional government/Metis |
| Colonel Garnet Wolseley | "Modern Major General", helped dispatch 1200 + made it clear that they would treat Riel/his followers as legitimate government |
| Black foot nation (what, leader) | first nations group in Canada, Cheif Crowfoot, |
| Chief Crowfoot's Blackfoot name | "Sapomaxicow" |
| Sir Sanford Fleming (Nationality, career, invented | Canadian engineer/inventor, proposed worldwide standard time zones, Canada's first postage stamp, engineered Intercolonial/Canadian Pacific railway, founding member of Royal Society, founded Royal Canadian Instititute, |
| Fort Gibraltar (company, burned by, convinced what) | NWC, burned by Robert Semple, convince Metis that Selkirk colonists intended war on them |
| Miles Macdonnell (issued, leader of, reputation) | issued Pemmican Proclamation, leader of colonists in Red River, belligerent reputation) |
| Treaty of 1817 (who, what, Selkirk's payment) | Cree & Ojibwa, gaining possession of RRV along Red River + Assiniboine Riber, 100 pounds tobacoo |
| Selkirk's Grant (why, who, size, where) | Lord Selkirk was troubled by the displaced crofters so he used his own fortune to give them agricultural land/colonies. It was about 300,000km2 in today's Southern Manitoba and North Dakota |
| appointed secretary of Beefsteak club in November 1833, presiding judge of 4 men tried for illegal trade, hostile towards French speaking Metis | Adam Thom |
| Upper Canada after Act of Union in 1841 | Canada West |
| Formed in 1783 | NWC |
| Formed in 1670 | HBC |
| animal becoming extinct in 19th century due to demand of HBC/NWC | beaver |
| white collar | referringto clerical or professional workers |
| in a manner suggesting absolute power | autocratic |
| What did Native people draw for European explorers and fur traders? | mindmaps |
| Hierarchy | people in authority from top to bottom |
| country that rules itself | dominion |
| this animal was an important part of Metis culture | bison |
| Thomas Douglas | fifth earl of selkirk, responsibile for bringing colonists to red river |
| two wheeled wooden cart on prairies | red river cart |
| encouraged fur traders to marry native women | Northwest company |
| These people thought white collar jobs made them superior to red river settlement | country-born |
| First PRIME MINISTER OF CANADA? | John A. MacDonald |
| Who did the HBC sell Rupert's land to? | Canada |
| This newspaper promoted hatred towards French/Catholic | NorWester |
| - Duncan Cameron | NWC Chief trader |
| - Cuthbert Grant | Leader of Metis 1816, HBC |
| - Louis Riel | Leader of Metis 1870s |
| - Lord Selkirk | land grant for settlers |
| - Colin Robertson | leader of colonists in red river, HBC NWC before) |
| - Miles Macdonell | leader of colonists in red river |
| - Robert Semple | governor of RRC |
| - John Schultz | colonist, hate Metis, Norwester paper |
| - Willieam McDougall | governor of Northwest territories |
| - Thomas Scott | colonists, executed by Metis |
| work for works sake | protestant work ethic |
| smallpox, measles | two most deadly diseases |
| celibacy | abstinence from intercourse |
| bison hunt schedule | early summer and autumn |
| saddle horses and buffalo runners | two types of horses the Metis used |
Created by:
Danica_1234
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