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OC Ch. 4 Whittlesey
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The Magna Carta | A document signed by King John in 1215 which established that the king was subject to law just like everyone else. It also declared that people could not be deprived of their lives, liberty, or property. |
| Influence of the Magna Carta on the Constitution | It formed the path of freedom and individual rights for the people |
| Thomas Jefferson's Virginia Statue for Religious Freedom | Declared that no one could be forced into attending a certain church or have to pay for church with tax money |
| Northwestern Ordinance of 1778: Slavery | Banned slavery in the northwester territory |
| Northwestern Ordinance: Adding New States | Established territories which as now Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Minnesota, and Wisconsin |
| Purpose of the Land Ordinance of 1785 and teh Nortwest Ordinance of 1785 | They brought new states into the Union and was an attempt to ban slavery |
| How land was divided under the Land Ordinance of 1785 | Split the land up into townships, 6 square miles(36 lots of 640 acres) |
| Major Influences of teh U.S. Constitution | Major influences were the Mayflower Compact, the Magna Carta, the Englishj Bill of Rights, and the Enlightenment |
| How the Articles of Confederation reflected the ideas of the Declaration of Independence | Gave freedom and indepencence to all of the states and it provided peoples' rights |
| Significance of the Articles of Confederation | It helped pave the way for the Constitution by showing the people what would not work |
| Main cause of Shay's Rebellion | Farmers protested because they did not want to pay their debts |
| U.S. government's response to Shay's Rebellion | Leaders met up in Philadelphia(Independence Hall) in May 1787 to revise the Articles of Confederation |
| American citizens' response to Shay's Rebellion | They began calling for a stronger government. They wanted leaders who would be able to protect them in times of crisis |
| Significance of Shay's Rebellion | It showed that the Articles of Confederation were very ineffective because without the ability to draft an army, the government had trouble stopping the rebellion |
| Main Features of the Articles of Confederation | No chief executive. Laws needed to be approved by 9 states. Congess could not tax citizens or draft an army. No national court system. Any changes to the Articles must be approved be all 13 states. They could not collect debts or settle states' disputes |
| Problems with Britain after the Revolution | Britain forced American merchants to pay tariffs. Britain was slow to leave America, but was ready to fight if U.S. attempted to force them out |
| Problems with Spain after the Revolution | Spanish official closed the lower Mississippi River to U.S. shipping. Farmers and merchants used the Mississippi to send goods to eastern and foreign lands, so this angered them |
| Purpose of the Constitutional Convention | They needed to improve the Articles of Confederation |
| Virginia Plan | Federal constitution that gives sovreignty to the central government. Was a bicameral legislature. Number in both houses based on population |
| New Jersey Plan | Called for a unicameral legislature. Gave more power to state governments. Proposed every state recieve 1 vote in the legislature, regardless of population |
| Great Compromise | Proposed by Roger Sherman. The agreement to create a 2 house(bicameral) legislature. Number of representatives based on population. Each state would get the same number of senators |
| North vs. South disagreement over slavery at the Constitutional Convention | South had many slaves, so they wanted them to count as part of the population but did not want to pay taxes on them |
| Three-fiths Compromise | Said slaves would count as 3/5ths of a person when determining state's population |
| Popular sovereignty | Means that political authority belongs to the people |
| Federalism | The sharing of power between a central government |
| Purpose of Checks and Balances in government | To make sure that no one branch ever became too powerful |
| How the Constitution reflected the ideas in the Declaration of Independence | It proctected the citizens' liberties and did not have a powerful government |
| Power of the National government(delegated powers) | Powers reserved for states. Declaring war, negotiating treaties, issuing money, regulating trade, running the military |
| Power of the State government(reserved powers) | Powers given to by the Constitution. Regulates education, grant licenses, provide police/fire departments, regulates sale of property |
| Shared powers between national and state governments(concurrent powers) | Levying(giving) taxes, defining crime and punishments, determining voting qualifications, borrowing money |
| Ferderalists and their argument for the Constitution | Supportes of the Constitution. Said it offered a good balance of power, it allowed the country to draft an army, they could tax, could get laws passed |
| Antifederalists and their arguments against the Constitution | People who opposed the Constution. Said it gave the government too much power, did not guarantee individual rights, and it needed the Bill of Rights in it |
| The Federalists Papers | Essays supporting the Constitution that were written anonymously under the name Publius |
| The Bill of Rights | Ten of the proposed amendments intended to protected citizens' rights, like in the Declaration of Independence |
| Reasons of the U.S. Constitution is still in use more than 200 years later | It sets a clear example of how to amend the Constitution to fit the needs of a changing nation and because it has great flexibility |
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